Potential mechanisms of hepatitis B virus induced liver injury

Table 1 Geographically distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and their role in liver disease

HBV genotypes	Geographical distribution	Risk of developing diseases	Ref.
A	North America, Europe, Africa	HCC	[21,22]
B	Southeast Asia, Southern China, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland	HCC and Cirrhosis at a younger age	[19,23]
C	East Asia, Northern China, Korea, Taiwan	Cirrhosis and HCC	[19,24]
D	Africa, Europe, India, Russia and North America	Liver fibrosis and HCC	[22,25]
E	West Africa	PC and BCP mutations but disease outcome unknown	[26]
F	Central America, South America	Fulminate hepatitis associated with HDV coinfection	[13]
G	France, Germany, United States	Coinfection with genotype A; increased association with acute hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma) in Vietnam	[27,28]
H	Central America (Mexico and Nicaragua)	Most closely connected to genotype F but disease outcome is not known	[13,29]
I	Laos, Vietnam	Not studied	[30]
J	Japan, Ryukyu	Not studied	[30]

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; PC: Pre-core; BCP: Basal Core Promoter; HDV: Hepatitis delta virus.