Interleukin 28B genetic polymorphism and hepatitis B virus infection

Table 1 Possible association between interleukin 28B genetic polymorphism and the effect of interferon-α and/or pegylated interferon-α, or spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen and/or hepatitis B surface antigen clearance in hepatitis B virus infection

No.	Year	Ref.	Targeted SNPs	Subject settings	HBe	Result	Comments
1	2010	Martin et al[20]	rs12979860	226 HBV persistence, 384 HBV recovery	ND	Negative	C/C genotype of rs12979860 was not associated with HBV recovery (OR = 0.99)
2	2011	Li et al[21]	rs12979860, rs12980275, rs8099917	203 chronic HBV infection, 203 self-limited HBV infection, 203 individuals negative for all HBV seromarkers (Chinese Han population)	ND	Negative
3	2011	Tseng et al[22]	IL28B regions	115 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients	Positive	Negative
4	2012	Sonneveld et al[23]	rs12980275, rs12979860	205 HBeAg-positive patients who were treated with PEG-IFN (Europeans and Asians)	Positive	Positive	IL28B genotype was significantly associated with HBeAg seroconversion at the end of treatment (P < 0.001, OR = 3.16), during long-term follow up (HR = 2.14), or with HBsAg seroclearance (HR = 3.47)
5	2012	Wu et al[24]	rs8099917	512 HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients (Han Chinese) were treated with pegylated interferon a-2a ± nucleoside analogues	Positive	Positive	The frequency of G allele of rs8099917 was significantly higher in the response group than in the non-response group (8.3% vs 3.9%, P = 0.003, OR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.25-0.79). The genotype distributions of this SNP also differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.003)
6	2012	de Niet et al[25]	rs12979860	95 chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with PEG-IFN and adefovir for 1 yr and who had 15% HBsAg loss (overall)	Positive and negative	Negative
7	2012	Peng et al[26]	rs12979860	651 HBV persistent infection (387 with liver cirrhosis, 264 without cirrhosis), 226 healthy individuals who recovered from HBV infection	ND	Negative	No association with clearance of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA level, apparent hepatitis onset and liver cirrhosis (P > 0.05)
8	2013	Lampertico et al[31]	rs12979860	101 HBeAg-negative patients (92% genotype D) with compensated chronic hepatitis B (84% males, 42% with cirrhosis)	Negative	Positive	The rate of serum HBsAg clearance was 29% in CC (major homo) compared to 13% in non-CC (hetero or minor homo) genotype carriers (P = 0.039)
9	2013	Seto et al[32]	IL28B (rs12979860, rs8099917)	203 chronic hepatitis B patients achieving spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance with 203 age- and sex-matched chronic hepatitis B patients without HBsAg seroclearance (control)	Negative	Positive	IL28B haplotype block CG was associated with HBsAg seroclearance (OR = 10.5, P = 0.026)
10	2013	Holmes et al[33]	rs12979860	96 patients (88% were Asian, 62% were HBeAg positive and 13% were METAVIR stage F3-4). The majority (84%) of patients carried the CC IL28B genotype (major homo)	Positive and negative	Negative
11	2013	Lee et al[34]	rs8099917, rs12979860, rs12980275	404 spontaneously recovered patients, 313 chronic hepatitis B patients, 305 liver cirrhosis patients and 417 hepatocellular carcinoma patients	ND	Negative

Studies are chronologically numbered. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ND: Not determined or not described; IL: Interleukin; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; PEG-IFN: Pegylated interferon-α.