Epidermal growth factor upregulates Skp2/Cks1 and p27kip1 in human extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells

Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical expressions in 76 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Parameters		n (%)
Sex	Male	47 (61.8)
	Female	29 (38.2)
Age	mean ± SD	63.1 ± 9.3
Surgical resection	CBD segmental Resection	32 (42.1)
	Whipple or PPPD	44 (57.9)
Tumor size	≥ 2 cm	48 (63.2)
	< 2 cm	28 (36.8)
American Joint Commission on Cancer stage	IA	10 (13.2)
	IB	18 (23.7)
	IIA	20 (26.3)
	IIB	26 (34.2)
	III	1 (1.3)
	IV	1 (1.3)
Histologic type	Well-differentiated	19 (25.0)
	Moderately-differentiated	46 (60.5)
	Poorly-differentiated	11 (14.5)
Resection margin	R0	57 (75.0)
	R1	19 (25.0)
Angiolymphatic invasion	Absent	31 (40.8)
	Present	45 (59.2)
Perineural invasion	Absent	36 (47.4)
	Present	40 (52.6)
Regional lymph nodes involvement	Absent	49 (64.5)
	Present	27 (35.5)
Skp2 immunostaining	Intensity
	0	32 (42.1)
	1	21 (27.6)
	2	16 (21.1)
	3	7 (9.2)
	Immunoreactive score
	0	43 (56.6)
	1	10 (13.2)
	2	15 (19.7)
	3	6 (7.9)
	6	2 (2.6)
Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1 immunostaining	Intensity
	0	9 (11.8)
	1	24 (31.6)
	2	37 (48.7)
	3	6 (7.9)
	Immunoreactive score
	0	24 (31.6)
	1	12 (15.8)
	2	26 (34.2)
	3	1 (1.3)
	4	8 (10.5)
	6	4 (5.3)
	9	1 (1.3)
p27kip1 immunostaining	Intensity
	0	23 (30.3)
	1	31 (40.8)
	2	15 (19.7)
	3	7 (9.2)
	Immunoreactive score
	0	29 (38.2)
	1	22 (28.9)
	2	6 (7.9)
	3	2 (2.6)
	4	8 (10.5)
	6	7 (9.2)
	9	2 (2.6)
Ki-67 LI	mean ± SD	4.0 ± 6.7

CBD: Common bile duct; LI: Labeling index; PPPD: Pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy; Skp2: S-phase kinase-associated protein 2.

Table 2 Independent and significant prognostic factors for patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Parameters	Category	OR	95%CI	P value
Age	> 65 yr	2.707	1.341-5.464	< 0.01
AJCC stage	IA
	IB	2.543	0.695-9.306	0.159
	IIA	0.801	0.185-3.477	0.767
	IIB	3.534	1.041-11.997	0.043
	III	16.446	1.370-197.470	0.027
	IV	92.965	5.585-1547.531	< 0.010
Histologic type	Well-differentiated
	Moderately-differentiated	6.041	2.146-17.006	< 0.010
	Poorly-differentiated	5.620	1.586-19.917	< 0.010
Immunostaining intensity of Skp2	0
	1	1.308	0.571-2.994	0.526
	2	3.782	1.581-9.051	< 0.010
	3	2.312	1.127-6.941	0.048

AJCC: American Joint Commission on Cancer; Skp2: S-phase kinase-associated protein 2.