Copyright
©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 14, 2014; 20(22): 7027-7033
Published online Jun 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.7027
Published online Jun 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.7027
Table 1 Demographics of patients and normal controls n (%)
Demographics | Severe obesity | Normal control | P value |
(n = 340) | (n = 340) | ||
Age (mean ± SD) | 30.5 ± 7.8 | 31.6 ± 8.6 | NS |
Sex ratio (F/M) | 270:70 | 270:70 | NS |
BMI (kg/m2) | 42.9 ± 6.1 | 23.1 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
Marriage (Y/N) | 159:181 | 163:177 | NS |
Education (College) | 238 (70) | 252 (74) | NS |
Table 2 Distribution of co-morbidities in severely obese patients n (%)
Distribution | Severe obesity (n = 340) |
Hypertension | |
SBP > 130 mmHg | 221 (65.1) |
DBP > 85 mmHg | 170 (50.0) |
Hyperglycemia (FPG > 100 mg/dL) | 148 (43.5) |
Hyper TG ( TG > 150 mg/dL) | 162 (47.0) |
HDL-C (male) < 40 mg/dL | 28 (40.5) |
HDL-C (female) < 50 mg/dL | 175 (64.8) |
Diabetes (HbA1c > 6.5) | 64 (18.8) |
Table 3 Total gastrointestinal quality of life and domain scores n (%)
GIQLI | Severe obesity | Normal control | Difference | P value |
Overall | 108.5 ± 17.1 | 123.2 ± 14.8 | 14.7 (11.9) | < 0.01 |
Symptoms | 63.9 ± 6.7 | 66.3 ± 7.2 | 2.4 (3.6) | < 0.05 |
Physical | 17.3 ± 6.0 | 22.4 ± 3.1 | 5.1 (22.8) | < 0.01 |
Emotional | 12.6 ± 4.3 | 16.6 ± 3.1 | 4.0 (24.1) | < 0.01 |
Social | 14.7 ± 3.9 | 17.9 ± 2.5 | 5.2 (29.0) | < 0.01 |
Table 4 Items in the questionnaire of gastrointestinal quality-of-life index and scores in each item
Item | Morbid obesity | Normal control | P value |
Symptoms | |||
Abdominal pain | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | NS |
Feeling of abdominal fullnessb | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | |
Abdominal bloating (too much gas) | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | NS |
Trouble with flatulence | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | NS |
Trouble with burping or belching | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | NS |
Trouble with gurgling abdominal noisesb | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | |
Trouble with bowel frequency | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | NS |
Enjoyed eatingb | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | |
Need for restricted eatingb | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | |
Regurgitationa | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | |
Trouble with slow speed of eatingb | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | |
Trouble with dysphagia | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | NS |
Trouble with bowel urgencya | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | |
Trouble with diarrheab | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | |
Trouble with constipation | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | NS |
Trouble with nausea | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | NS |
Trouble with blood in stool | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | NS |
Trouble with heartburna | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | |
Trouble with incontinencea | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | |
Emotional items | |||
Coping with every day stress | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | NS |
Sadness about illnessb | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 3.4 ± 1.1 | |
Nervousness or anxious about illnessb | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | |
Happiness with life in generalb | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | |
Frustration about illnessb | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | |
Physical items | |||
Trouble with fatigue | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | NS |
Feeling unwell | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | NS |
Wake-up at nightb | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | |
Trouble with changes in appearanceb | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | |
Loss of physical strengthb | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | |
Loss of endurance through illnessb | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | |
Feeling unfitb | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | |
Social items | |||
Coping with daily activitiesb | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | |
Taking part in leisure activitiesb | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.0 | |
Bothered by medical treatmentb | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | |
Trouble of personal relationshipb | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | |
Sexual life impairmentb | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 3.8 ± 0.6 |
Table 5 Pearson correlation coefficients analysis between clinical and laboratory data and scores of different domains in the gastrointestinal quality-of-life index
Clinical and laboratory items | Total Score | Physical domain | Emotional domain | Social domain | Symptoms |
(36 items) | (7 items) | (5 items) | (5 items) | (19 items) | |
Age (yr) | -0.1353 | -0.1262 | -0.1543 | -0.1773 | NS |
Sex | 0.1472 | 0.1523 | 0.1983 | 0.1893 | NS |
BMI (BMI > 35 kg/m2) | 0.1151 | NS | 0.1442 | 0.1221 | NS |
Weight (kg) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Waist circumference (cm) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Waist:hip ratio | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Systolic blood pressure | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Diastolic blood pressure | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
HbA1c | NS | NS | NS | NS | -0.1762 |
Fasting insulin (mU/L) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
C-Peptide (pmol/mL) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Fasting triglyceride (mmol/L) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Total protein (g/L) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Albumin (g/L) | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.0941 |
ALT | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
AST | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Alkaline phosphatase | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
HSCRP | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
WBC | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Hemoglobin | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
MCV | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
- Citation: Yu PJ, Tsou JJ, Lee WJ, Lee KT, Lee YC. Impairment of gastrointestinal quality of life in severely obese patients. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(22): 7027-7033
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i22/7027.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.7027