A pilot proof-of-concept study of a modified device for one-step endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage in a new experimental biliary dilatation animal model

Table 1 Outcomes of a novel dedicated device for one-step EUS-guided biliary drainage system and associated complications

CBD diameter, mm	IHD dilatation, mm	Route	Stent length, cm	Technical success	Procedure time, min	Adverse events	Mortality
6.2	1.6	-	-	Failure	20	-	-
13.2	5.2	S to IHD	6	Success	10	-	-
8.4	2.0	-	-	Failure	31	-	-
12.5	6.2	S to CHD	5, 6	Success	8.4	-	-
13.6	5.8	E to IHD	5	Success	16.2	Bile leakage1	Expire, day 3
11	3.3	E to CHD	5	Success	8	-	-
9.2	3.5	S to CHD	6	Success	9.4	-	-
12.8	3.8	E to CHD	6	Success	13.2	-	-
10	2.8	S to CHD	6	Success	10	-	-

¹Related to multiple needle puncture, no obvious bile leakage on persistent areas on necropsy. CBD: Common bile duct; CHD: Common hepatic duct; IHD: Intrahepatic bile duct; S: The high body of stomach; E: Far distal esophagus.