Evaluation of preferable insertion routes for esophagogastroduodenoscopy using ultrathin endoscopes

Table 1 Profiles of all patients

	Patients who underwent 1st EGD	Patients who underwent 2nd or subsequent EGD	P value
Gender			NS
Male	98	1060
Female	82	731
Operator			NS
a	128	1144
b	49	599
c	0	28
d	2	16
e	1	4
Age group (yr)	49.3 ± 13.2 54	58.3 ± 11.5	< 0.05
< 39	39	115
40-49	45	320
50-59	29	464
60-69	13	588
> 70		304
Insertion route			< 0.05
Transnasal	139	1255
Transoral	41	536
VAS score	4.50 ± 2.33	4.11 ± 2.35	< 0.05
Examination time (s)			NS
	306.0 ± 60.0	302.1 ± 61.8
Type of scope			NS
a	78	690
b	66	739
c	19	162
d	8	69
e	4	36
f	3	67
g	2	28

EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; VAS: Visual analog scale score; NS: Not significant.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses against the visual analog scale scores in patients who underwent 1^st esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Patients who underwent 1st EGD	VAS score	Univariate	Multivariate
Gender		P < 0.05	P < 0.05
Male	4.02 ± 2.15
Female	5.06 ± 2.42
Operator		NS	NS
a	4.47 ± 2.30
b	4.51 ± 2.49
c	-
d	6
e	4
Age group		NS	NS
< 39	4.93 ± 2.12
40-49	4.44 ± 2.54
50-59	4.11 ± 2.33
60-69	4.34 ± 2.18
> 70	4.54 ± 2.93
Insertion route		NS	NS
Transnasal	4.50 ± 2.26
Transoral	4.46 ± 2.59
Examination time (s)		P < 0.05	NS
	r2 = 0.0336
Type of scope		NS	NS
a	4.60 ± 2.36
b	4.76 ± 2.33
c	3.95 ± 2.41
d	3.13 ± 1.64
e	5.25 ± 2.75
f	2.33 ± 1.53
g	4

EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; VAS: Visual analog scale score; NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses against the visual analog scale scores in patients who underwent 2^nd or subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Patients who underwent 2nd or subsequent EGD	VAS score	Univariate	Multivariate
Gender		P < 0.05	P < 0.05
Male	3.60 ± 2.20
Female	4.84 ± 2.37
Operator		P < 0.05	P < 0.05
a	3.95 ± 2.36
b	4.43 ± 2.34
c	3.57 ± 2.04
d	4.69 ± 2.06
e	2.50 ± 1.00
Age-group		P < 0.05	P < 0.05
< 39	4.99 ± 2.32
40-49	4.34 ± 2.49
50-59	4.19 ± 2.31
60-69	3.99 ± 2.27
> 70	3.63 ± 2.31
Insertion route		P < 0.05	NS
Transnasal	4.19 ± 2.27
Transoral	3.93 ± 2.53
Examination time (s)		NS	NS
	r2 = 0.000843
Type of scope		NS	NS
a	4.22 ± 2.35
b	4.11 ± 2.36
c	3.93 ± 2.29
d	3.98 ± 2.48
e	4.64 ± 2.11
f	3.25 ± 2.24
g	3.82 ± 2.57

EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; VAS: Visual analog scale score; NS: Not significant.

Table 4 Jonckheere-Terpstra test of the visual analog scale score and age group in addition to gender and insertion route

Jonckheere-Terpstra test	P value
Male-transnasal insertion	NS	NS	P < 0.05
Female-transnasal insertion	NS
Male-transoral insertion	NS (P = 0.0833)	P < 0.05
Female-transorai insertion	P < 0.05

NS: Not significant.