Risk factors associated with Barrett’s epithelial dysplasia

Table 1 Characterization of the three types of Barrett’s esophagus

	Specialized columnar			P value
	Epithelium type	Junctional type	Gastric fundic type
	(n = 65)	(n = 38)	(n = 48)
Sex	52/13	10/28	25/23	0.005
Age (yr)	62.9 ± 10.6	65.0 ± 8.2	58.8 ± 11.9	0.07
Dysplasia	20/65 (30.8%)	3/38 (7.9%)	2/48 (4.2%)	0.003

Table 2 Univariate analysis of variables associated with Barrett’s epithelial dysplasia

	Normal (n = 45)	Dysplasia (n = 20)	P value	OR	95%CI
Sex (male/female)	Dec-33	19/1	0.073	0.145	0.017-1.202
Age (yr)	65.0 ± 9.8	64.2 ± 11.3	0.730	0.991	0.940-1.044
Length of BE (SSBE/LSBE)	Feb-43	18/2	0.402	2.389	0.312-18.294
H. pylori infection rate	34/9 (2)	7/12 (1)	0.0021	0.154	0.047-0.506
p53 positive rate	4/41	13/7	< 0.0011	19.036	4.800-75.499
Body weight (kg)	61.0 ± 9.7	68.2 ± 10.6	0.019	1.081	1.013-1.154
BMI (kg/m2)	23.1 ± 2.8	23.7 ± 3.2	0.451	1.074	0.891-1.295
Waist circumference (cm)	86.9 ± 7.9	88.4 ± 9.0	0.585	1.022	0.945-1.105
GERD	19/26	9/11	0.835	1.120	0.387-3.235
Hypertension (BP > 130/85)	29/14 (2)	9/10 (1)	0.094	0.395	0.133-1.172
Systolic BP (mmHg)	127 ± 16	121 ± 16	0.264	0.980	0.946-1.015
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	76 ± 10	69 ± 8	0.009	0.907	0.843-0.976
Diabetes	14/25 (6)	10/9 (1)	0.188	2.071	0.701-6.124
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	118 ± 32	111 ± 19	0.447	0.992	0.971-1.013
HbA1c (%)	5.6 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 0.7	0.804	0.919	0.470-1.798
Dyslipidemia	24/19 (2)	11/8 (1)	0.322	0.576	0.193-1.715
TG (mg/dL)	144 ± 58	139 ± 98	0.807	0.999	0.991-1.007
TC (mg/dL)	202 ± 30	189 ± 33	0.141	0.987	0.969-1.005
HDL-C (mg/dL)	55 ± 13	53 ± 9	0.850	0.996	0.950-1.043
LDL-C (mg/dL)	118 ± 26	107 ± 30	0.152	0.985	0.964-1.006
Fatty liver	17/13 (15)	6/8 (6)	0.395	0.574	0.159-2.066
γ-GT (U/L)	55 ± 48	59 ± 77	0.781	1.001	0.992-1.011
AST (IU/L)	24 ± 8	25 ± 10	0.769	1.009	0.948-1.075
ALT (IU/L)	24 ± 15	24 ± 12	0.906	0.998	0.958-1.039
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.107 ± 0.142	0.101 ± 0.116	0.890	0.706	0.005-98.830
MS	15/14 (16)	6/8 (6)	0.586	0.700	0.194-2.530

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BP: Blood pressure; GT: Glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: High sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of variables associated with Barrett’s epithelial dysplasia

Risk factor	P value	OR	95%CI
p53	0.004	13.107	2.275-75.504
H. pylori	0.066	0.187	0.031-1.116
Diastolic BP	0.021	0.874	0.780-0.980

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; BP: Blood pressure.

Table 4 Analysis of variance for the three categories of Barrett’s epithelium: non-dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia

	No dysplasia (n = 45)	Low grade (n = 14)	High grade (n = 6)	P value
Sex (male/female)	Dec-33	13/1	6/0	0.177
Age (yr)	65.0 ± 9.8	64.3 ± 12.4	63.8 ± 9.4	0.941
Length of BE (SSBE/LSBE)	Feb-43	14/0	4/2	0.044
H. pylori infection rate	Sep-34	6/7	1/5	0.002
p53 positive rate	4/41	7/7	6/0	< 0.001
Body weight (kg)	61.0 ± 9.7	69.5 ± 9.8	65.5 ± 12.5	0.033
BMI (kg/m2)	23.1 ± 2.8	24.0 ± 3.1	23.3 ± 3.7	0.689
Waist circumference (cm)	86.9 ± 7.9	88.1 ± 9.6	89.3 ± 8.4	0.848
GERD	19/26	9/5	0/6	0.020
Hypertension (BP > 130/85)	29/14	6/7	3/3	0.155
Systolic BP (mmHg)	127 ± 16	120 ± 19	125 ± 6	0.473
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	76 ± 10	69 ± 9	71 ± 6	0.016
Diabetes	14/25	7/6	3/3	0.425
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	118 ± 32	113 ± 19	108 ± 20	0.712
HbA1c (%)	5.6 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 0.7	5.5 ± 0.8	0.971
Dyslipidemia	24/19	5/8	3/3	0.612
TG (mg/dL)	144 ± 58	118 ± 71	183 ± 137	0.190
TC (mg/dL)	202 ± 30	195 ± 36	174 ± 25	0.124
HDL-C (mg/dL)	55 ± 13	55 ± 9	48 ± 7	0.407
LDL-C (mg/dL)	118 ± 26	112 ± 33	97 ± 17	0.201
Fatty liver	17/13	5/7	1/1	0.744
γ-GTP (U/L)	55 ± 48	40 ± 31	101 ± 126	0.097
AST (IU/L)	24 ± 8	26 ± 10	24 ± 10	0.837
ALT (IU/L)	24 ± 15	25 ± 13	21 ± 10	0.803
Hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.107 ± 0.142	0.104 ± 0.126	0.084 ± 0.029	0.973
Metabolic syndrome	15/14	4/7	2/1	0.604

SSBE: Short segment Barrett esophagus; BMI: Body mass index; LSBE: Long-segment Barrett’s esophagus; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; BP: Blood pressure; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; hs-CRP: High sensitivity C-reactive protein; GTP: Guanosinetriphosphate.

Table 5 Relationship between the level of p53 expression and grade of dysplasia

	Normal (n = 45)	Low grade (n = 14)	High grade and Ca (n = 6)
p53 (-)	41	7	0
p53 (+)	4	4	4
p53 (++)	0	3	2

Pearson χ² test, P < 0.001.