Celiac plexus neurolysis in pancreatic cancer: The endoscopic ultrasound approach

Table 1 Pain relief and techniques used in patients with endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis

Ref.	n	Pain evaluation	Technique of EUS-CPN	Follow-up period (wk)	Pain alleviation
Doi et al[23] 2013	68	Numeric rating scale	Ganglia vs central	1	73% vs 45%
Leblanc et al[14] 2013	20	Numeric rating scale	Ganglia + central	6	90%
Seicean et al[26] 2013	32	Brief pain inventory	Central	2	75%
Wiechowska-Kozłowska et al[25] 2012	29	Numeric rating scale	Central + bilateral	8-12	76%
Wyse et al[27] 2011	48	Likert scale	Bilateral	12	60.70%
LeBlanc et al[13] 2011	50	Numeric rating scale	Central vs bilateral	14	69% vs 81%
Iwata et al[39] 2011	47	Visual analogue scale	Central	1	68.10%
Ascunce et al[20] 2011	64	Numeric rating scale	Ganglia or bilateral	1	50%
Sakamoto et al[40] 2010	67	Visual analogue scale	Under celiac trunk	4	33%-93%
Sahai et al[41] 2009	160	Visual analogue scale	Central vs bilateral	1	70% vs 45%
Ramirez-Luna et al[42] 2008	10	Visual analogue scale	Central	4	72.20%
Levy et al[15] 2008	17	General descriptors	Ganglia	4	94%
Tran et al[28] 2006	10	Numeric rating scale	Central	Not stated	70%
Gunaratnam et al[43] 2001	58	Visual analogue scale	Bilateral	24	78%
Wiersema et al[10] 1996	30	Visual analogue scale	Bilateral	12	79%-88%

EUS-CPN: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis.

Table 2 Immediate and late complications reported for endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis in adenocarcinoma patients

Ref.	No. of procedures	Complications	Indication	Technique	Substance
Muscatiello et al[16]	1	Retroperitoneal abscess	PC	Not stated	Alcohol + bupivacaine
Gimeno-García et al[49]	1	Celiac axis infarction, kidney, splenic, hepatic infarction, death	PC	Bilateral	Alcohol + bupivacaine
Fujii et al[50]	1	Anterior spinal cord infarction with lower paraplegia	PC	Ganglia + central	Alcohol + bupivacaine
Wiechowska-Kozłowska et al[25]	29	Hypotension-1	PC	Bilateral + central	Alcohol + bupivacaine
		Pain exacerbation-2
		Transient diarrhoea-3
Mittal et al[53]	1	Anterior spinal cord infarct with lower paraplegia	PC	Ganglia + central	Alcohol + bupivacaine
O’Toole et al[17]	31	Hypotension-1	PC	Bilateral	Alcohol + bupivacaine
Levy et al[15]	17	Pain exacerbation-2	PC	Ganglia	Alcohol + bupivacaine
Leblanc et al[14]	20	Lightheadedness-1	PC	Central + ganglia	Alcohol+ bupivacaine
		Transient diarrhea-2
		Transient nausea and vomiting-3
Doi et al[23]	68	Transient hypotension-3	PC	Central + ganglia	Alcohol + bupivacaine
		Upper gastrointestinal bleeding-1
		Pain exacerbation-17
		Transient diarrhea-5
		Inebration-2
Jang et al[52]	1	Liver and splenic infarction, ischemia of the stomach and small bowel	Pancreatic metastasis	Central	Alcohol + bupivacaine + triamcinolone

PC: Plexus neurolysis in adenocarcinoma.