Characteristics of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with chronic kidney disease

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of chronic kidney disease patients with peptic ulcer hemorrhage

Variables	Number
Gender (Male/female)	52/20
Age (yr)1	63.9 ± 11.1
Alcohol (Yes/no)	25/47
Smoking (Yes/no)	29/43
Past hemorrhage History (Yes/no)	11/61
ESRD (Yes/no)	50/22
Dialysis
Hemodialysis	45
Peritoneal dialysis	5
Symptoms (Hematemesis/Melena/Syncope/Others)	32/28/2/10
Initial blood pressure
Systolic (mmHg)1	128.7 ± 40.0
Diastolic (mmHg)1	75.9 ± 16.5
Initial heart rates1	94.0 ± 24.5
Hb (g/dL)1	7.4 ± 2.0
Platelet (109/L)1	208 ± 156
INR/PTT (second)1	1.14 ± 0.35/47.2 ± 55.6

¹mean ± SD. ESRD: End-stage renal disease; INR: International normalized ratio; Hb: Haemoglobin.

Table 2 Endoscopic findings, therapy and prognosis of clinical risk factors patients with peptic ulcer hemorrhage

Variables	Numbers
Size of ulcer (mm)1	13.7 ± 10.2
Hemorrhage state (Pumping/oozing/vessel/red/black)	6/38/18/5/5
Location 1 (Gastric/Duodenum)	48/24
Location 2 (Antrum/Angle/Body/Cardia)	21/11/15/1
Location 3 (Anterior/Posterior/Lesser/Greater)	11/7/22/8
Endoscopic therapy (Injection/Coagulation/Clip/Combination)	27/8/5/32
Amount of epinephrine (cc)1	15.6 ± 12.9
Experience of endoscopists (yr)1	3.5 ± 2.7
H. pylori infection (Yes/no)	19/33
Rebleeding (Yes/no)	27/45
Hemorrhage related death (Yes/no)	12/60

¹mean ± SD. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 Univariate analysis for clinical risk factors of rebleeding

Characteristics	Rebleeding (n = 27)	No Rebleeding (n = 45)	P value
Gender (Male/female)	18/9	34/11	NS
Age (yr)1	62.9 (11.5)	64.6 (11.0)	NS
Heart rate1	95 (17)	93 (29)	NS
CKD (not ESRD)/ESRD	10/17	12/33	NS
Previous hemorrhage history (Yes/no)	4/23	7/38	NS
Blood pressure
Systolic (mmHg)1	128 (32)	129 (45)	NS
Diastolic (mmHg)1	76 (16)	76 (17)	NS
Lab
Hb (g/dL)1	7.4 (1.9)	7.5 (2.1)	NS
Platelet (109/L)1	207 (174)	208 (145)	NS
INR/PTT	1.2/46.7	1.1/48.0	NS
Alcohol (Yes/no)	15/12	10/35	< 0.01
Smoking (Yes/no)	15/12	14/31	< 0.05

¹mean ± SD. NS: Not significant; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; INR: International normalized ratio; Hb: Haemoglobin.

Table 4 Univariate analysis for endoscopic risk factors of rebleeding

Variables	Rebleeding	No rebleeding	P value
Hemorrahge state			NS
Active pumping	1	5
Active oozing	15	23
Blood vessel	7	11
Red or black clot	4	6
Ulcer size (mm)1	14.4 (11.9)	13.2 (9.1)	NS
Location (antrum and angle vs body)	11/7	21/9	NS
H. pylori infection (Yes/no)	7/20	17/28	NS
Therapy			NS
Injection	11	16
APC or electrocoagulation	4	4
Clip	2	3
Combination	10	22
Amount epinephrine1	16.9 (15.3)	14.7 (11.3)	NS
Endoscopists' experience1	2.8 (1.9)	4.0 (3.0)	< 0.05
Endoscopists' status			< 0.05
Fellowship doctor	20	19
Faculty doctor	7	26

¹mean ± SD. NS: Not significant; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; APC: Argon plasma coagulation

Table 5 Multivariate analysis for risk factors of rebleeding

Variables	P value	OR
Age	NS
Gender	NS
Smoking	NS
Hb (g/dL)	NS
Platelet (109/L)	NS
INR	NS
Ulcer size	NS
Location	NS
Hemorrhage state	NS
Amount of epinephrine	NS
Alcohol (Yes/no1)	0.02	11.19
Therapy (Combination therapy/monotherap1)	0.01	0.06
Experiences of endoscopists (yr)	0.03	0.56

¹Reference category. NS: Not significant; INR: International ormalized ratio; Hb: Haemoglobin B.

Table 6 Multivariate analysis for risk factors of prognosis

Variables	P value	OR
Age	NS	1.07
Gender (Male/female1)	NS	1.87
Hemorrhage state	NS
Active pumping		0.07
Active oozing		0.00
Blood vessel		0.17
Red clot		0.00
Black clot1		0.77
Rebleeding (Yes/no1)	0.02	7.10

¹Reference category. NS: Not significant.