Copyright
©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2013; 19(42): 7447-7454
Published online Nov 14, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7447
Published online Nov 14, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7447
Table 1 Patient characteristics at admission
Sex (female/male ) | 26/38 |
Age at admission (yr) | 32.05 ± 2.00 |
Age at first diagnosis of portal cavernoma ( ≤ 18 yr/> 18 yr) | 26/38 |
History of portal cavernoma (yr) | 3.68 ± 0.78 |
Clinical presentations | |
Abdominal distension | 37 |
Abdominal pain | 26 |
Variceal bleeding | 29 |
Degree of varices (high risk/low risk/no varices) | 6/12/1946 |
Ascites | 20 |
Degree of ascites (grade III/grade II/grade I/no ascites) | 3/1/16/44 |
Hydrothorax | 10 |
Laboratory tests | |
RBC (1012/L) | 3.95 ± 0.11 |
Hb (g/L) | 106.25 ± 4.00 |
WBC (109/L) | 8.11 ± 1.03 |
PLT (109/L) | 298.73 ± 33.67 |
PT (s) | 14.14 ± 0.24 |
INR | 1.15 ± 0.02 |
ALT (U/L ) | 29.97 ± 3.31 |
AST (U/L) | 30.28 ± 2.64 |
ALP (U/L) | 107.21 ± 7.68 |
GGT (U/L) | 41.16 ± 5.96 |
ALB (g/L) | 38.25 ± 0.58 |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 16.05 ± 1.32 |
Serum Cr (μmol/L) | 70.65 ± 2.48 |
Serum Na (mmol/L) | 139.54 ± 0.45 |
Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 12/1/1951 |
Child-Pugh score | 5.70 ± 0.13 |
MELD score | 4.25 ± 0.53 |
Location and degree of obstruction | |
Main portal vein (patent/partial/complete/fibrotic cord) | 5/5/12/42 |
Right portal vein obstruction | 49 |
Left portal vein obstruction | 51 |
Splenic vein obstruction and splenectomy | 39 |
Superior mesenteric vein obstruction | 34 |
Table 2 Clinical profile in patients with and without variceal bleeding
Variables | Variceal bleeding (n= 29) | No variceal bleeding (n= 35) | Pvalue |
Age at admission (yr) | 25.41 ± 2.74 | 37.54 ± 2.56 | 0.002 |
Sex (female/male) | 14/15 | 12/23 | 0.257 |
History of portal cavernoma (yr) | 5.89 ± 1.44 | 1.86 ± 0.66 | 0.009 |
Abdominal distension (yes/no) | 11/18 | 26/9 | 0.003 |
Abdominal pain (yes/no) | 3/26 | 23/12 | < 0.001 |
Ascites (yes/no) | 8/21 | 12/23 | 0.565 |
Hydrothorax (yes/no) | 4/25 | 6/29 | 0.713 |
Jaundice (yes/no) | 2/27 | 2/33 | 0.846 |
RBC (1012/L) | 3.36 ± 0.12 | 4.44 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 |
Hb (g/L) | 87.21 ± 4.60 | 122.03 ± 4.86 | < 0.001 |
WBC (109/L) | 7.47 ± 1.82 | 8.65 ± 1.16 | 0.574 |
PLT (109/L) | 317.07 ± 50.27 | 283.53 ± 45.84 | 0.624 |
PT (s) | 14.08 ± 0.35 | 14.18 ± 0.34 | 0.838 |
INR | 1.15 ± 0.03 | 1.15 ± 0.03 | 0.946 |
ALT (U/L ) | 26.38 ± 4.87 | 32.94 ± 4.51 | 0.327 |
AST (U/L ) | 28.85 ± 4.28 | 30.93 ± 3.33 | 0.388 |
AST/ALT | 1.23 ± 0.08 | 1.21 ± 0.11 | 0.874 |
ALP (U/L ) | 115.98 ± 13.43 | 99.94 ± 8.57 | 0.302 |
GGT (U/L ) | 31.69 ± 8.60 | 49.00 ± 8.12 | 0.150 |
ALB (g/L ) | 37.23 ± 0.79 | 39.09 ± 0.82 | 0.111 |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 15.54 ± 2.13 | 16.48 ± 1.66 | 0.724 |
DBIL (μmol/L) | 7.07 ± 1.54 | 7.43 ± 0.98 | 0.838 |
Serum Cr (μmol/L) | 70.17 ± 3.88 | 71.06 ± 3.26 | 0.860 |
Serum Na (mmol/L) | 139.26 ± 0.55 | 139.77 ± 0.70 | 0.577 |
Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 23/5/1 | 28/7/0 | 0.529 |
Child-Pugh score | 5.69 ± 0.21 | 5.71 ± 0.18 | 0.928 |
MELD score | 3.93 ± 0.88 | 4.51 ± 0.65 | 0.593 |
Main portal vein (fibrotic cord/complete obstruction/partial obstruction/patency) | 27/0/1/1 | 15/12/3/4 | < 0.001 |
Right portal vein (obstruction/patency) | 19/10 | 30/5 | 0.058 |
Left portal vein (obstruction/patency) | 21/8 | 30/5 | 0.188 |
Splenic vein (obstruction and splenectomy/patency) | 14/15 | 25/10 | 0.059 |
Superior mesenteric vein (obstruction/patency) | 11/18 | 23/12 | 0.027 |
Table 3 Clinical profile in the patients with and without ascites
Variables | Ascites (n= 20) | No ascites (n= 44) | Pvalue |
Age at admission (yr) | 36.60 ± 3.99 | 29.98 ± 2.25 | 0.127 |
Sex (female/male) | 7/13 | 19/25 | 0.537 |
History of portal cavernoma (yr) | 2.38 ± 0.89 | 4.28 ± 1.06 | 0.264 |
Variceal bleeding (yes/no) | 12/8 | 21/23 | 0.565 |
Varices (high risk/low risk/no varices) | 32/3/9 | 14/3/3 | 0.545 |
Abdominal distension (yes/no) | 17/3 | 20/24 | 0.003 |
Abdominal pain (yes/no) | 9/11 | 17/27 | 0.631 |
Hydrothorax (yes/no) | 10/10 | 0/44 | < 0.001 |
Jaundice (yes/no) | 2/18 | 2/42 | 0.403 |
RBC (1012/L) | 3.94 ± 0.21 | 3.96 ± 0.13 | 0.944 |
Hb (g/L) | 104.60 ± 6.55 | 107.00 ± 5.04 | 0.783 |
WBC (109/L) | 12.28 ± 2.83 | 6.22 ± 0.62 | 0.006 |
PLT (109/L) | 275.45 ± 53.28 | 309.30 ± 42.86 | 0.645 |
PT (s) | 15.08 ± 0.41 | 13.71 ± 0.28 | 0.007 |
INR | 1.23 ± 0.03 | 1.11 ± 0.02 | 0.006 |
ALT (U/L) | 24.65 ± 3.36 | 32.39 ± 4.54 | 0.282 |
AST (U/L) | 28.85 ± 4.28 | 30.93 ± 3.33 | 0.717 |
AST/ALT | 1.33 ± 0.18 | 1.17 ± 0.07 | 0.305 |
ALP (U/L) | 103.55 ± 10.29 | 108.88 ± 10.21 | 0.751 |
GGT (U/L) | 46.70 ± 10.00 | 38.64 ± 7.43 | 0.535 |
ALB (g/L) | 35.17 ± 0.91 | 39.65 ± 0.64 | < 0.001 |
TBIL (μmol/L) | 17.79 ± 2.92 | 15.27 ± 1.39 | 0.379 |
DBIL (μmol/L) | 8.35 ± 1.57 | 6.78 ± 1.05 | 0.409 |
Serum Cr (μmol/L) | 73.40 ± 5.16 | 69.40 ± 2.77 | 0.460 |
Serum Na (mmol/L) | 138.01 ± 1.00 | 140.24 ± 0.45 | 0.021 |
Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 8/11/1 | 43/1/0 | < 0.001 |
Child-Pugh score | 6.85 ± 0.26 | 5.18 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 |
MELD score | 5.60 ± 0.93 | 3.64 ± 0.63 | 0.086 |
Main portal vein (obstruction/patency) | 18/2 | 40/3 | 0.908 |
Right portal vein (obstruction/patency) | 15/5 | 34/10 | 0.842 |
Left portal vein (obstruction/patency) | 16/4 | 35/9 | 0.967 |
Splenic vein (obstruction and splenectomy/patency) | 11/9 | 28/16 | 0.512 |
Superior mesenteric vein (obstruction/patency) | 15/5 | 19/25 | 0.018 |
Table 4 Univariate analysis of baseline variables predicting overall survival
Variables | HR | 95%CI | Pvalue |
Sex (female/male) | 0.559 | 0.108-2.883 | 0.487 |
Age at admission | 1.032 | 0.984-1.083 | 0.194 |
Age at first diagnosis ( ≤ 18 yr/> 18 yr) | 0.840 | 0.187-3.772 | 0.820 |
History of portal cavernoma | 0.989 | 0.878-1.114 | 0.857 |
Varices (yes/no) | 0.428 | 0.083-2.213 | 0.311 |
Variceal bleeding (yes/no) | 2.450 | 0.475-12.653 | 0.285 |
Abdominal distension (yes/no) | 2.253 | 0.435-11.657 | 0.333 |
Abdominal pain (yes/no) | 2.010 | 0.450-8.989 | 0.361 |
Ascites (yes/no) | 15.066 | 1.811-125.337 | 0.012 |
Hydrothorax (yes/no) | 6.638 | 1.452-30.346 | 0.015 |
RBC | 0.681 | 0.288-1.614 | 0.383 |
Hb | 0.987 | 0.964-1.011 | 0.302 |
PLT | 1.000 | 0.997-1.003 | 0.900 |
WBC | 1.099 | 1.040-1.162 | 0.001 |
PT | 1.083 | 0.751-1.562 | 0.668 |
INR | 5.253 | 0.057-480.003 | 0.471 |
ALT | 0.970 | 0.915-1.029 | 0.312 |
AST | 0.966 | 0.905-1.032 | 0.305 |
AST/ALT | 2.328 | 0.891-6.083 | 0.085 |
ALP | 1.003 | 0.993-1.013 | 0.558 |
GGT | 1.003 | 0.989-1.017 | 0.684 |
ALB | 0.932 | 0.795-1.094 | 0.392 |
TBIL | 1.028 | 0.969-1.091 | 0.358 |
DBIL | 1.036 | 0.941-1.140 | 0.470 |
Serum Cr | 1.007 | 0.971-1.045 | 0.704 |
Serum Na | 0.764 | 0.635-0.918 | 0.004 |
Child-Pugh score | 1.573 | 0.976-2.535 | 0.063 |
Child-Pugh class (class A/class B and C) | 0.083 | 0.009-0.763 | 0.028 |
MELD score | 1.067 | 0.899-1.267 | 0.459 |
TIPS insertion (failure/success) | 0.677 | 0.095-4.806 | 0.696 |
Main portal vein (patency/obstruction) | 0.042 | 0.0001-1720.16 | 0.558 |
Main portal vein (no fibrotic cord/fibrotic cord) | 0.798 | 0.155-4.113 | 0.787 |
Right portal vein (patency/obstruction) | 2.269 | 0.507-10.151 | 0.284 |
Left portal vein (patency/obstruction) | 1.639 | 0.318-8.455 | 0.555 |
Splenic vein (patency/obstruction and splenectomy) | 0.533 | 0.103-2.766 | 0.454 |
Superior mesenteric vein (patency/obstruction) | 0.159 | 0.019-1.330 | 0.090 |
- Citation: Qi XS, Bai M, He CY, Yin ZX, Guo WG, Niu J, Wu FF, Han GH. Prognostic factors in non-malignant and non-cirrhotic patients with portal cavernoma: An 8-year retrospective single-center study. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(42): 7447-7454
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i42/7447.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7447