Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation attenuates lung and intestine injury

Table 1 Comparison of blood gas and fluid volume among four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	pH value	MAP (mmHg)	Heart rate	PaO2 (mmHg)	PaCO2 (mmHg)	Lactate (mmol/L)	Fluid volumes (mL)	Norepinephrine (μg/kg per minute)
A	7.38 ± 0.12	101 ± 8	240 ± 13	93.9 ± 2.23	38.65 ± 1.78	1.50 ± 0.34	0	0
B	6.89 ± 0.13a	37 ± 11a	65 ± 20a	50.19 ± 3.78a	34.54 ± 1.89	6.98 ± 2.45a	0	0
C	7.21 ± 0.15c	95 ± 10c	260 ± 15c	62.34 ± 2.46c	35.09 ± 2.01	4.37 ± 1.36c	12 ± 3c	3.5 ± 1.8c
D	7.32 ± 0.17e	97 ± 11	255 ± 12	88.98 ± 3.17e	36.49 ± 1.84	3.59 ± 1.53c	5 ± 2e	0.8 ± 0.3e

^aP < 0.05 vs Group A;

^cP < 0.05 vs Group B;

^eP < 0.05 vs Group C. MAP: Mean arterial pressure.

Table 2 Comparison of wet/dry wight and redox indicator among four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Wet/dry wight	Inhibition of •OH (U/mg protein)	MDA (nmol/mg protein)	MPO (U/g wet tissue)	SOD (U/mg protein)
A	3.85 ± 0.34	87.52 ± 3.45	2.98 ± 0.64	1.69 ± 0.14	365.78 ± 10.26
B	6.89 ± 0.23a	12.89 ± 1.52a	10.17 ± 1.12a	6.79 ± 1.02a	250.32 ± 8.56a
C	6.96 ± 0.25	13.14 ± 2.24	9.56 ± 1.37	6.02 ± 1.16	262.98 ± 5.47
D	4.62 ± 0.27c	66.31 ± 2.98c	4.45 ± 1.13c	2.58 ± 0.21c	331.15 ± 9.64c

^aP < 0.05 vs Group A;

^cP < 0.05 vs Group C. •OH: Hydroxyl radical; MDA: Malonaldehyde; MPO: Mmyeloperoxidase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase.

Table 3 Level of inflammatory mediators in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid of four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	IL-6 (pg/mL)	IL-8 (pg/mL)	TNF-α(pg/mL)
A	35.88 ± 3.12	24.29 ± 4.23	19.65 ± 1.78
B	446.89 ± 37.24a	411.19 ± 32.78a	158.54 ± 16.89a
C	387.79 ± 31.58c	347.34 ± 29.37c	104.09 ± 9.18c
D	118.32 ± 11.38e	96.45 ± 10.25e	47.58 ± 3.65e

^aP < 0.05 vs Group A;

^cP < 0.05 vs Group B;

^eP < 0.05 vs Group C. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: Interleukin.

Table 4 Comparison of average optical density and the positive area ratio of Fas and Bcl2 among the four groups (n = 15, mean ± SD)

Group	Average optical density (10-3)		Positive area ratio (%)
	Fas	Bcl2	Fas	Bcl2
A	0.802 ± 0.221	1.260 ± 0.128	2.737 ± 0.881	11.012 ± 0.792
B	1.549 ± 0.343a	0.638 ± 0.072a	6.441 ± 0.331a	4.121 ± 0.313a
C	1.329 ± 0.311c	1.103 ± 0.099c	4.876 ± 0.887c	4.376 ± 0.250c
D	1.255 ± 0.400e	1.141 ± 0.043e	3.247 ± 0.621e	10.432 ± 0.791e

^aP < 0.05 vs Group A;

^cP < 0.05 vs Group B;

^eP < 0.05 vs Group C.

Table 5 Levels of serum diamine oxidase and inflammatory mediators in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid of four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	DAO (kU/L)	IL-6 (pg/mL)	IL-8 (pg/mL)	TNF-α(pg/mL)
A	4.32 ± 0.33	50.38 ± 3.24	35.93 ± 4.37	25.32 ± 2.18
B	6.54 ± 0.68a	478.33 ± 30.78a	458.19 ± 31.32a	167.41 ± 14.47a
C	6.89 ± 0.77c	394.21 ± 28.15c	395.34 ± 28.46c	121.05 ± 8.01c
D	5.14 ± 0.44ce	145.26 ± 12.33e	123.12 ± 10.23e	36.27 ± 3.54e

^aP < 0.05 vs Group A;

^cP < 0.05 vs Group B;

^eP < 0.05 vs Group C. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: Interleukin; DAO: Diamine oxidase.

Table 6 Chiu’s score and levels of malonaldehyd and myeloperoxidase of small intestine (mean ± SD)

Group	Chiu’s score	MDA (nmol/mg protein)	MPO (U/g wet tissue)
A	0.37 ± 0.33	2.09 ± 0.33	1.55 ± 0.12
B	3.30 ± 0.89a	6.19 ± 1.38a	6.54 ± 0.99a
C	3.79 ± 1.12c	6.89 ± 1.26c	7.05 ± 1.01c
D	2.12 ± 0.67ce	2.98 ± 0.45ce	2.32 ± 0.34ce

^aP < 0.05 vs Group A;

^cP < 0.05 vs Group B;

^eP < 0.05 vs Group C. MDA: Malonaldehyd; MPO: Myeloperoxidase.