Diabetic neuropathy: An evaluation of the use of quercetin in the cecum of rats

Table 1 Primary and secondary antibodies used for immunohistochemistry

Primary	Host	Dilution dose	Company	Secondary	Dilution dose	Company
HuC/D	Mouse	1:500	Molecular Probes, Invitrogen	Anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488	1:500	Molecular probes, Invitrogen
nNOS	Rabbit	1:500	Zymed	Anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 546	1:500	Molecular probes, Invitrogen
S-100	Rabbit	1:500	Molecular Probes, Invitrogen	Anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 546	1:500	Molecular probes, Invitrogen
VIP	Rabbit	1:500	Península Laboratories, Inc.	Anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 546	1:500	Molecular probes, Invitrogen

HuC/D: General population; nNOS: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase; VIP: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

Table 2 Circumference area of the cecum and the correction factor used to calculate the neuronal density (mean ± SEM)

Groups	n	Area (cm2)	Correction factor
C	6	8.1 ± 1.0	Not applicable
CQ	6	7.5 ± 0.5	0.9
D	6	13.1 ± 0.7b	1.6
DQ	6	10. 9 ± 1.2	1.3

^bP < 0.01 vs C group. C: Control; CQ: Control supplemented; D: Diabetic; DQ: Diabetic supplemented with quercetin.

Table 3 Neuronal and glial density in the myenteric plexus of the cecum (mean ± SEM)

Groups	HuC/D	nNOS	S-100	Ratio HuC-D/nNOS	Ratio HuC-D/S-100
C	5492 ± 81	2028 ± 102	6343 ± 367	2.7 ± 0.09	1.2 ± 0.05
CQ	5104 ± 132	1826 ± 124	8615 ± 318b	2.9 ± 0.20	1.7 ± 0.07ae
D	4121 ± 325b	1511 ± 162a	5708 ± 322	2.8 ± 0.18	1.4 ± 0.16
DQ	5060 ± 25c	1500 ± 59a	5998 ± 269	3.4 ± 0.16a	1.2 ± 0.04c

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs C group;

^cP < 0.05 vs D group;

^eP < 0.05 vs DQ group. C: Control; CQ: Control supplemented; D: Diabetic; DQ: Diabetic supplemented with quercetin.

Table 4 Animal parameters (mean ± SEM)

Groups	Startingweight (g)	Final weight (g)	Blood glucose (mg/dL)	Water intake (mL/d)	Feed intake (g/d)	Urine volume (mL/d)
C	341 ± 9	517 ± 13	138 ± 5	42 ± 3	37 ± 3	11 ± 2
CQ	366 ± 14	510 ± 10	146 ± 8	45 ± 3	34 ± 5	12 ± 2
D	333 ± 4	301 ± 21ª	518 ± 19a	113 ± 16a	44 ± 6	66 ± 10a
DQ	368 ± 6	292 ± 8ª	532 ± 35a	103 ± 22a	30 ± 7	53 ± 13a

^aP < 0.05 vs C group. C: Control; CQ: Control supplemented; D: Diabetic; DQ: Diabetic supplemented with quercetin.

Table 5 Mean cell body area of ​​the neurons, glia and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-IR ​​varicosities (mean ± SEM)

Groups	HuC/D	nNOS	S-100	VIP
C	505 ± 11	455 ± 10	35.1 ± 0.5	4.63 ± 0.03
CQ	501 ± 12	430 ± 11	34.8 ± 0.4	4.88 ± 0.03b
D	561 ± 13a	539 ± 12a	36.9 ± 0.5a	5.12 ± 0.04b
DQ	644 ± 16bc	606 ± 15bc	29.6 ± 0.4b	3.97 ± 0.03b

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs C group;

^cP < 0.05 vs D group. C: Control; CQ: Control supplemented; D: Diabetic; DQ: Diabetic supplemented with quercetin; HuC/D: General population; nNOS: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase; VIP: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.