Non-invasive assessment of choledocholithiasis in patients with gallstones and abnormal liver function

Table 1 Demographic data n (%)

Characteristic	Value
Total number of patients	896
Female patients	717 (80)
Male patients	179 (20)
Mean age of females (yr)	41.4 ± 21.3
Mean age of males (yr)	45.0 ± 21.6
Number of patients underwent LC without MRCP or/and ERCP	703 (78.5)
Number of patients with abnormal liver functions.	193 (21.5)
Female patients	116 (60)
Male patients	77 (40)
Mean age of females (yr)	55.6 ± 19.6
Mean age of males (yr)	60.7 ± 19.8

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Table 2 Radiological findings in patients with abnormal liver function tests n (%)

Findings	Patient	Stones	Mean T.Bili	Mean Al-P
		removed	(mg/dL)	(ratio to
		by ERCP		normal)
Total	193	109	3.7	1.7
Abnormal CBD on USG (percent of total)	91 (47.2)	82 (90)	4.2	2
CBD dilatation	28 (30.8)	24 (85.7)	4.5	2
CBD stones	23 (25.3)	20 (87)	4.3	2.2
Both	40 (43.9)	38 (90)	4	1.8
Normal CBD on USG,	102 (52.8)	27 (26.5)	3.3	1.4
MRCP findings (percent of total)
Normal MRCP	70 (68.6)	2 (2.9)	3.2	1.3
Stones on MRCP	32 (31.4)	25 (78.2)	3.4	1.7

MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; Al-P: Alkaline phosphatase; T.Bili: Total bilirubin; USG: Ultrasonography; CBD: Common bile duct; LFT: Liver function test; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 3 Final endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography findings

Presence of	Patient	US abnormal	Mean T.Bili	Mean Al-P
stones			(mg/dL)	(ratio to normal)
Stones	109 (56.5)	82 (90)	4.3 ± 2.1	1.9 ± 0.8
No stones	84 (43.5)	9 (10)	2.9 ± 1.3	1.3 ± 0.6
P value		< 0.0001	< 0.01	< 0.001
Total	193	91	3.7	1.7

Data are expressed as absolute numbers (percentage) or mean ± SD. MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; Al-P: Alkaline phosphatase; T.Bili: Total bilirubin; US: Ultrasound.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis n (%)

Findings	Common bile duct stones		OR1	95%CI1
	Present	Absent
Alkaline phosphatase
< 151 U	10 (23.3)	33 (76.7)	1
151-225 U	37 (54.4)	31 (45.6)	3.1	7.00-9.88
226-300 U	21 (58.0)	15 (42.0)	4.5	1.23-16.49
> 300 U	41 (89.0)	5 (11.0)	29.8	7.28-121.54
Ultrasound findings
Normal	27 (26.5)	75 (73.5)	1
Dilatation	24 (86.0)	4 (14.0)	19.8	5.41-72.42
Stones	20 (87.0)	3 (13.0)	14.3	3.53-58.17
Both	38 (95.0)	2 (5.0)	61	13.03-285.1

¹The adjusted measure of association between risk factors and common bile duct stones was expressed as the OR with 95%CI. Adjusted or crude ORs with 95%CI that did not include 1.0 were considered significant.