Palliative treatment for incurable malignant colorectal obstructions: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Study characteristics of included nonrandomized controlled studies n (%)

Ref.	Design	Diagnosis	Palliative SEMS (n)	Palliative surgery (n)	Matching	Female	Study quality (NOS score)
Law et al[10]	P	a	30	31	1, 2, 3	21 (34.4)	8
Carne et al[11]	R	a	25	19	3	19 (43.2)	4
Johnson et al[12]	M	a	20	18	2, 3	17 (47.2)	6
Tomiki et al[13]	P	a, b, c	18	17	4	15 (42.9)	4
Ptok et al[14]	P	a	40	38	2, 3, 4	34 (44.7)	7
Faragher et al[15]	R	a	29	26	1, 2, 4	22 (40.0)	6
Vemulapalli et al[16]	R	a	53	70	1, 2, 4	49 (41.2)	5
Súarez et al[17]	P	a	45	53	1, 4, 6	31 (31.6)	7
Lee et al[18]	P	a	71	73	1, 2, 6	50 (34.7)	7
Lee et al[19]	R	a	36	52	1, 2, 4	39 (44.3)	6

Study design is prospective (P), retrospective (R), or case-matched (M); diagnosis is colorectal cancer (a), ovarian cancer (b), or disseminated upper gastrointestinal malignancy (c); matching for age (1), sex (2), diagnosis (3), tumor site (4), or American Society of Anesthesiologists score (6); NOS scores of 5 or more indicate high-quality. SEMS: Self-expanding metallic stents.

Table 2 Study characteristics of included randomized controlled studies n (%)

Ref.	Design	Diagnosis	Palliative SEMS (n)	Palliative surgery (n)	Matching	Female	Study quality (modified Jadad score)
Xinopoulos et al[20]	RCT	a,b	15	15	NC	14 (46.7)	High
Fiori et al[21]	RCT	a	11	11	1, 2, 4	9 (40.9)	High
van Hooft et al[22]	RCT	a	11	10	1, 2, 4, 5	10 (47.6)	High

Study design is randomized controlled trial (RCT); diagnosis is colorectal cancer (a) or ovarian cancer (b); matching for age (1), sex (2), tumor site (4), tumor stage (5), or the publication made no comment (NC) on the matching status; all studies were classified as high-quality according to the modified Jadad score between 4 and 7. SEMS: Self-expanding metallic stents.

Table 3 Sensitivity analysis of the included studies

	Studies (n)	Patients (n)	RR (95%CI)	P value
Studies including colorectal cancer only
Clinical success rate	11	772	0.96 (0.93, 0.98)	0.002
30-d mortality	9	654	0.42 (0.22,0.80)	0.008
Total complications	12	821	0.84 (0.59, 1.20)	0.340
Early complications	8	596	0.35 (0.20, 0.60)	0.0002
Stoma formation	8	550	0.26 (0.17, 0.39)	< 0.00001
Studies including colostomy only
Clinical success rate	4	127	0.89 (0.76,1.05)	0.18
30-d mortality	2	70	1.00 (0.27, 3.68)	1.00
Total complications	3	92	1.79 (1.03, 3.09)	0.04
Early complications	2	52	1.80 (0.16, 20.79)	0.64
Stoma formation	4	124	0.16 (0.07, 0.38)	< 0.00001