Laparoscopic splenectomy for treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma

Table 1 Demographic characteristics

Variable	SMZL		Liver cirrhosis	ITP	P1value1	P value2	P value3
	LS	OS
Cases	18	22	34	49
Age, yr	56.4 ± 10.5	52.0 ± 10.8	47.7 ± 12.2	36.2 ± 15.9	0.191	0.013	0.000
Sex (M/F)	8/10	10/12	16/18	10/39	0.949	0.857	0.049
Child-Pugh class					0.336	0.522	0.282
A	16 (88.9)	17 (77.3)	27 (79.4)	47 (95.9)
B	2 (11.1)	5 (22.7)	5 (14.7)	2 (4.1)
C	0	0	2 (5.9)	0 (0)
Comorbidity
ITP	1	2
SLE	1	0
Pulmonary effusion	1	2
Herpes zoster	1	1

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).

¹SMZL-LS vs SMZL-OS groups;

²SMZL-LS vs liver cirrhosis group;

³SMZL-LS vs ITP groups. SMZL: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma; OS: Open splenectomy; LS: Laparoscopic splenectomy; ITP: Immune thrombocytopenia; M: Male; F: Female; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Table 2 Comparison of intraoperative details

Variable	SMZL		Liver cirrhosis	ITP	P value1	P value2	P value3
	LS	OS
Conversion	1	-	1	0
Operation time (min)	238.4 ± 37.9	185.9 ± 54.9	210.1 ± 48.5	163.9 ± 67.2	0.001	0.037	0.000
EBL	171.9 ± 228.4	310.0 ± 192.0	150.0 ± 146.1	65.7 ± 114.0	0.045	0.675	0.014
Transfusion	4/18 (22.2)	9/13 (69.0)	3/34 (8.8)	8/49 (16.3)		0.178	0.577
Spleen length (cm)	22.8 ± 5.5	23.7 ± 5.6	23.9 ± 3.9	12.1 ± 3.2	0.624	0.408	0.000
Additional operation
Liver biopsy	0	0	34	0
Lymph node biopsy	3	5		0
LC	1	-	2	5
Operation Method
LS	8	-	34	49
HALS	10	-	0	0

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).

¹SMZL-LS vs SMZL-OS groups;

²SMZL-LS vs liver cirrhosis groups;

³SMZL-LS vs ITP groups. SMZL: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma; OS: Open splenectomy; LS: Laparoscopic splenectomy; ITP: Immune thrombocytopenia; HALS: Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy; EBL: Estimated blood loss; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative details

Variable	SMZL		Liver cirrhosis	ITP	P value1	P value2	P value3
	LS	OS
PHS (d)	8.17 ± 3.7	10.8 ± 4.2	7.5 ± 2.0	7.6 ± 2.1	0.044	0.378	0.389
Complication
Pulmonary effusion	3	5	1	0
Pancreatic leakage	1	2	1	1
Abdominal cavity effusion	1	1	0	0
Postoperative bleeding	0	0	1	2
Portal/splenic vein thrombosis	1	2	2	0
Total	6 (33.3)	10 (45)	5 (14.7)	3 (6.1)

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).

¹SMZL-LS vs SMZL-OS groups;

²SMZL-LS vs liver cirrhosis groups;

³SMZL-LS vs ITP groups. SMZL: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma; OS: Open splenectomy; LS: Laparoscopic splenectomy; ITP: Immune thrombocytopenia; PHS: Postoperative hospital stay.

Table 4 Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative hematological parameters and liver function variables

	SMZL		Liver cirrhosis	ITP	P value1	P value2	P value3
	LS	OS
Preoperation
TBIL (mmol/L)	15.7 ± 8.5	23.3 ± 11.2	28.3 ± 17.2	13.3 ± 6.5	0.023	0.005	0.231
ALT (U/L)	25.1 ± 17.6	30.6 ± 11.1	54.7 ± 44.0	36.2 ± 33.6	0.237	0.009	0.187
AST (U/L)	25.7 ± 16.9	33.9 ± 16.9	59.3 ± 40.1	25.9 ± 21.9	0.133	0.001	0.956
Albumin (g/L)	36.8 ± 6.6	35.1 ± 8.4	37.6 ± 5.7	40.7 ± 5.3	0.478	0.653	0.015
HGB (g/L)	102.7 ± 26.1	106.3 ± 30.3	112.2 ± 22.5	123.7 ± 23.1	0.687	0.175	0.002
WBC (× 109/L)	4.2 ± 3.3	4.0 ± 3.2	3.2 ± 2.6	11.3 ± 6.7	0.867	0.255	0.000
PLT (× 109/L)	65.8 ± 35.6	56.1 ± 30.5	38.1 ± 15.7	20.6 ± 20.2	0.359	0.000	0.000
Postoperation
TBIL (mmol/L)	11.9 ± 6.7	16.2 ± 7.8	19.4 ± 11.3		0.078	0.014
ALT (U/L)	23.4 ± 12.9	28.1 ± 13.9	32.0 ± 25.9		0.279	0.192
AST (U/L)	27.4 ± 17.7	29.5 ± 14.7	28.6 ± 9.7		0.682	0.753
Albumin (g/L)	31.2 ± 5.5	33.7 ± 3.9	34.5 ± 3.9		0.114	0.017
HGB (g/L)	101.1 ± 15.1	99.2 ± 15.1	138.6 ± 172.1	117.3 ± 20.4	0.699	0.362	0.003
WBC (× 109/L)	9.9 ± 6.7	11.3 ± 6.5	7.9 ± 1.8	14.4 ± 4.9	0.481	0.122	0.003
PLT (× 109/L)	298.8 ± 304.1	318.1 ± 211.1	237.2 ± 165.0	287.8 ± 140.1	0.814	0.346	0.840

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

¹SMZL-LS vs SMZL-OS groups;

²SMZL-LS vs liver cirrhosis groups;

³SMZL-LS vs ITP groups. HGB: hemoglobin; PLT: platelet count; TBIL: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell count; SMZL: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma; OS: Open splenectomy; LS: Laparoscopic splenectomy; ITP: Immune thrombocytopenia; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.