Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, ZO-1 downregulation and tight junction disruption via a TNF-α-regulated mechanism

Table 1 Grade of intestinal mucosal injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in the different groups

Group	Chiu’s score
	2 h	6 h	24 h	72 h	144 h
Sham group	0.5 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.5	0.7 ± 0.8	0.3 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 0.8
NS + I/R injury	18.0 ± 3.9b	27.8 ± 2.3b	23.7 ± 5.2b	19.0 ± 3.8b	11.0 ± 3.0b
BM MSCs + I/R injury	13.7 ± 3.3bd	15.2 ± 2.9bd	13.7 ± 1.5bd	8.3 ± 2.3bd	5.8 ± 2.6bd
Anti-TNF-α + I/R injury		6.5 ± 1.2df
Anti-TNF-αR1-IgG + I/R injury		7.7 ± 1.2df

All values are mean ± SD (n = 6, three paraffin sections were prepared from each tissue sample. Two pathologists who were blinded to the source of the slides analyzed each slide);

^bP < 0.01 vs the Sham group,

^dP < 0.01 vs the saline (NS) + ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury group,

^fP < 0.01 vs bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) + I/R injury group. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.

Table 2 Serum levels of diamine oxidase and D-lactate in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

Group	DAO (IU/mL)					D-lactate (μg/mL)
	2 h	6 h	24 h	72 h	144 h	2 h	6 h	24 h	72 h	144 h
Sham group	2.08 ± 0.16	2.08 ± 0.75	2.03 ± 0.46	1.95 ± 0.36	2.24 ± 0.62	5.11 ± 0.24	5.30 ± 0.0.44	5.38 ± 0.45	5.46 ± 0.42	5.54 ± 0.69
NS + I/R injury	11.04 ± 0.59b	14.58 ± 2.01b	7.36 ± 1.28b	5.12 ± 0.66b	3.91 ± 0.59b	14.73 ± 1.37b	17.85 ± 1.86b	12.73 ± 0.56b	8.22 ± 1.78	6.54 ± 1.04
BM MSCs + I/R injury	8.16 ± 0.71bd	11.36 ± 1.89bd	5.04 ± 1.04bd	4.93 ± 0.69b	3.55 ± 0.59a	12.62 ± 2.24b	13.40 ± 1.53ab	9.80 ± 1.20bd	6.82 ± 0.80b	6.44 ± 0.83
Anti-TNF-α + I/R injury	-	7.99 ± 1.70d	-	-	-	-	12.77 ± 1.44d	-	-	-
Anti-TNF-αR1-IgG + I/R injury	-	7.83 ± 1.28d	-	-	-	-	12.16 ± 1.47d	-	-	-

All values are mean ± SD (n = 6).

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs Sham group;

^dP < 0.01 vs the saline (NS) + ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury group.

Table 3 Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion injury

Group	Tumor necrosis factor-α(pg/mL)
	2 h	6 h	24 h	72 h	144 h
Sham group	87.07 ± 6.47	84.45 ± 4.18	87.60 ± 6.25	83.91 ± 6.67	86.54 ± 5.62
NS + I/R injury	226.32 ± 11.94b	332.95 ± 49.03d	221.80 ± 16.06d	180.87 ± 8.63b	134.84 ± 7.18b
BM MSCs + I/R injury	214.21 ± 17.77b	236.76 ± 20.66bd	190.39 ± 4.24a,d	177.00 ± 2.52b	91.67 ± 3.84b

All values are mean ± SD (n = 6).

^bP < 0.01 vs Sham group;

^dP < 0.01 vs the saline (NS) + ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury group. BM MSCs: Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Table 4 Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and intestinal mucosal injury grade after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

Group	TNF-α(pg/mL)					Chiu’s grade scores
	2 h	6 h	24 h	72 h	144 h	2 h	6 h	24 h	72 h	144 h
Saline + I/R injury group	243.27	290.41	210.51	186.58	132.55	19	28	18	14	10
	212.21	286.35	241.42	189.44	125.39	14	27	21	14	8
	221.76	283.66	203.19	174.82	137.45	17	30	17	13	10
	235.42	295.87	210.37	175.76	129.57	18	28	19	13	9
	229.54	345.78	226.96	189.26	145.57	18	29	20	14	12
	215.74	395.61	238.32	169.34	138.51	15	30	21	12	10
Spearman						0.947	0.931	0.961	0.971	0.956
P						0.004	0.011	0.002	0.001	0.003

The degree of relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the Chiu risk score was evaluated by bivariate correlation. The results were statistically significant when P < 0.05, and was highly significant when P < 0.01. I/R: Ischemia/reperfusion.