Increased expression of DLX2 correlates with advanced stage of gastric adenocarcinoma

Table 1 Relationship of distal-less homeobox 2 expression with clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma n (%)

Clinicopathological features	Cases	DLX2 expression		χ2test	P value
		Low	High
Age (yr)				0.954	0.329
< 60	69	46 (66.7)	23 (33.3)
≥ 60	60	35 (58.3)	25 (41.7)
Gender				1.989	0.158
Female	42	30 (71.4)	12 (28.6)
Male	87	51 (58.6)	36 (41.4)
Tumor size (cm)				11.518	0.001
< 5	68	52 (76.5)	16 (23.5)
≥ 5	61	29 (47.5)	32 (52.5)
Tumor location				2.335	0.506
Upper	14	10 (71.4)	4 (28.6)
Middle	20	14 (70.0)	6 (30.0)
Lower	84	52 (61.9)	32 (38.1)
Diffuse	11	5 (45.5)	6 (54.5)
Histologic differentiation				3.186	0.364
Well	16	11 (68.8)	5 (31.3)
Moderately	28	21 (75.0)	7 (25.0)
Poorly	74	42 (56.8)	32 (43.2)
Other	11	7 (63.6)	4 (36.4)
Depth of invasion				11.940	0.008
T1	28	24 (85.7)	4 (14.3)
T2	24	16 (66.7)	8 (33.3)
T3	58	28 (48.3)	30 (51.7)
T4	19	13 (68.4)	6 (31.6)
Lymph node metastasis				9.577	0.023
N0	69	50 (72.5)	19 (27.5)
N1	17	12 (70.6)	5 (29.4)
N2	25	11 (44.0)	14 (56.0)
N3	18	8 (44.4)	10 (55.6)
Distant metastasis				0.012	0.914
M0	120	76 (63.3)	44 (36.7)
M1	9	5 (55.6)	4 (44.4)
TNM stages				9.849	0.020
I	43	35 (81.4)	8 (18.6)
II	43	24 (55.8)	19 (44.2)
III	34	17 (50.0)	17 (50.0)
IV	9	5 (55.6)	4 (44.4)

DLX2: Distal-less homeobox 2.

Table 2 Relationship of proportion score or staining intensity of distal-less homeobox 2 expression with clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma

Clinicopathological features	Cases	Proportion score			χ2test	P value	Staining intensity			χ2test	P value
		0	1	2, 3			0	1, 2	3
Age (yr)					5.637	0.060				3.924	0.141
< 60	69	39	7	23			29	26	14
≥ 60	60	22	12	26			16	25	19
Gender					2.583	0.275				1.785	0.410
Female	42	22	8	12			18	15	9
Male	87	39	11	37			27	36	24
Tumor size (cm)					12.975	0.002				7.115	0.029
< 5	68	42	9	17			30	26	12
≥ 5	61	19	10	32			15	25	21
Histological differentiation					3.302	0.192				0.286	0.867
Well and moderately	44	24	8	12			16	16	12
Poorly and other	85	37	11	37			29	35	21
Invasion depth					8.291	0.016				3.724	0.155
T1, T2	52	31	9	12			22	21	9
T3, T4	77	30	10	37			23	30	24
Lymph node metastasis					17.511	0.002				9.815	0.044
N0	69	39	11	19			30	20	19
N1	17	6	6	5			4	11	2
N2, N3	43	16	2	25			11	20	12
TNM stages					5.982	0.050				0.753	0.686
I, II	86	43	16	27			32	32	22
III, IV	43	18	3	22			13	19	11

Table 3 Multivariate analysis for disease-related deaths (Cox regression model)

Variables	B	P value	Exp (B)	95%CI for Exp (B)
Tumor location	0.145	0.261	1.156	0.898-1.488
Tumor size (< 5 cm vs≥ 5 cm)	0.176	0.421	1.193	0.777-1.832
Depth of invasion	0.726	< 0.001	2.067	1.570-2.722
Lymph node metastasis	0.303	0.001	1.354	1.126-1.629
Distant metastasis (no vs yes)	2.415	< 0.001	11.185	4.187-29.878
Distal-less homeobox 2 expression (low vs high)	-0.214	0.308	0.808	0.535-1.218