Prolonged QT dispersion in inflammatory bowel disease

doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i1.65

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2013; 19(1): 65-71
Published online Jan 7, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i1.65

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with Crohn’s disease, and the relationship between QT prolongation n (%)

	CD QT prolongation		Test values
	-	+	χ²	P value
Diagnosis period (yr)	26.47 ± 34.27	27.2 ± 32.88	Z = 0.31	0.74
Family history			0.97	0.61
None	30 (83.3)	5 (100)
CD	3 (8.3)
Colon cancer	3 (8.3)
Operation			2.11	0.14
Yes	5 (13.88)	2 (40)
No	31 (86.11)	3 (60)
Age at diagnosis (yr)			3.01	0.22
< 17	2 (5.6)
17-40	33 (91.70)	4 (80)
> 40	1 (2.80)	1 (20)
Disease behavior			23.35	0.000^b
Non-stricturing Non penetrating	22 (61.1)	1 (20)
Stricturing	14 (38.9)	1 (20)
Penetrating	-	3 (60)
Disease location			0.55	0.75
İleal	12 (33.3)	1 (20)
Colonic	1 (2.80)	-
İleocolonic	23 (63.90)	4 (80)
CDAI value			0.013	0.91
CDAI < 150	28 (77.7)	4 (80)
CDAI ≥ 150	8 (22.2)	1 (20)
Drug use			0.13	0.71
Used	26 (72.2)	4 (80)
Not used	10 (27.8)	1 (20)
5-ASA			0.23	0.62
Used	11 (30.6)	1 (20)
Not used	25 (69.4)	4 (80)
CS			0.97	0.32
Used	30 (83.3)	5 (100)
Not used	6 (16.7)	-
IS			0.13	0.71
Used	26 (72.2)	4 (80)
Not used	10 (27.8)	1 (20)
Smoking			0.66	0.72
Yes	21 (58.3)	2 (40)
No	9 (25)	2 (40)
Quit	6 (16.7)	1 (20)
Alcohol			2.08	0.35
Yes	9 (25)	-
No	25 (69.4)	5 (100)
Quit	2 (5.6)	-

^bP < 0.01, χ² test and Z: Mann-Whitney U test. CD: Crohn’s disease; CDAI: Crohn’s disease activity index; 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; CS: Corticosteroid; IS: immunosuppressive.

Table 2 Characteristics of patients with ulcerative colitis, and the relationship between QT prolongation n (%)

	UC QT prolongation		Test values
	-	+	χ²	P value
Diagnosis period (yr)	44.13 ± 42.60	45.67 ± 47.99		0.86
Family history			0.48	0.78
None	41 (77.4)	6 (66.7)
UC	8 (15.1)	2 (22.2)
Colon cancer	4 (7.5)	1 (11.1)
Operation			0.17	0.67
Yes	1 (1.9)	-
No	52 (98.1)	9 (100)
Extent of disease			3.49	0.32
Rectosigmoid	16 (30.18)	2 (22.22)
Left sided colon	10 (18.86)	4 (44.4)
Extensive	6 (11.32)	-
Pancolitis	21 (39.62)	3 (33.3)
Clinical activity			2.19	0.33
TW1 (mild activity)	34 (64.15)	8 (88.89)
TW2 (moderate activity)	17 (32.07)	1 (11.11)
TW3 (severe activity)	3.77	-
Drug use			0.09	0.75
Used	45 (84.9)	8 (88.89)
Not used	8 (15.09)	1 (11.11)
5-ASA			0.19	0.65
Used	9 (16.98)	1 (11.11)
Not used	44 (83.01)	8 (88.89)
CS			1.12	0.28
Used	47 (88.67)	9 (100)
Not used	6 (11.32)	-
IS			0.13	0.71
Used	49 (92.45)	8 (88.89)
Not used	4 (7.54)	1 (11.11)
Smoking			2.99	0.22
Yes	12 (22.64)	2 (22.2)
No	26 (49.05)	2 (22.2)
Quit	15 (28.30)	5 (55.56)
Alcohol
Yes	9 (16.98)	2 (22.2)	0.46	0.79
No	42 (79.24)	7 (77.78)
Quit	2 (3.77)	-

χ² test, Mann-Whitney U test. TW: Truelove-Witts clinical activity index; UC: Ulcerative colitis; 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; CS: Corticosteroid; IS: Immunosuppressive.

Table 3 Crohn’s disease and control group, demographic, anthropometric and laboratory values and the relationship between QT prolongation

	CD QT prolongation (-)	CD QT prolongation (+)	Control	Test values
Male, n (%)	23 (63.9)	2 (40)	31 (66)	χ² = 1.31, P = 0.51
Female, n (%)	13 (36.1)	3 (60)	16 (34)	χ² = 1.31, P = 0.51
Age (yr)	36.80 ± 7.79	41.33 ± 7.66	41.21 ± 10.55	P = 0.53
SBP (mmHg)	109.72 ± 13.41	105 ± 20	102.74 ± 11.93	P = 0.071
DBP (mmHg)	69.72 ± 9.40	70 ± 10	71.11 ± 6.55	P = 0.62
Heart rate (beats/min)	77.13 ± 13.4	71.4 ± 12.23	74.80 ± 13.25	P = 0.36
BMI (kg/m²)	23.78 ± 4.90	25.38 ± 3.99	24.77 ± 3.43	P = 0.57
WC (cm) male	89 ± 7.88	91 ± 6.36	90.19 ± 4.99	P = 0.14
WC (cm) female	87.23 ± 5.45	92.33 ± 7.08	90.68 ± 5.18	P = 0.19
QTcd (ms)	39.69 ± 2.32	55.4 ± 2.88	38.68 ± 2.25	CD QT prolongation (-) vs (+), CD QT prolongation (+) vs control, ^bP = 0.000; CD QT prolongation (-) vs control, ^aP = 0.049
FPG (mg/dL)	89.31 ± 6.87	93.8 ± 10.75	87.6 ± 10.13	P = 0.078
Total-C (mg/dL)	187.89 ± 39.46	189.8 ± 21.28	185.68 ± 37.74	P = 0.65
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	116.51 ± 64.85	111 ± 33.12	97.98 ± 36.74	P = 0.50
HDL-C (mg/dL)	55.4 ± 12.69	60 ± 19.19	58.17 ± 14.74	P = 0.66
LDL-C (mg/dL)	121.05 ± 32.66	118.2 ± 9.78	119.02 ± 24.48	P = 0.77
Insulin (μU/mL)	6.44 ± 3.28	10.95 ± 6.10	5.68 ± 3.83	CD QT prolongation (-) vs (+), ^aP = 0.036; CD QT prolongation (-) vs control, ^aP = 0.027; CD QT prolongation (+) vs control, P = 0.16
HOMA-IR	1.42 ± 0.75	2.56 ± 1.43	1.31 ± 0.94	CD QT prolongation (-) vs (+), ^aP = 0.026; CD QT prolongation (-) vs control, P = 0.12; CD QT prolongation (+) vs control, ^aP = 0.023
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.09 ± 0.86	4.26 ± 1.52	4.01 ± 1.05	P = 0.95

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01, χ² test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskall-Wallis test. CD: Crohn’s disease; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; QTcd: Corrected QT dispersion; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; C: Cholesterol; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

Table 4 Ulcerative colitis and control group, demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory values and the relationship between QT prolongation

	UC QT prolongation (-)	UC QT prolongation (+)	Control	Test values
Male, n (%)	25 (47.2)	5 (55.6)	31 (66)	χ² = 3.56, P = 0.16
Female, n (%)	28 (52.8)	4 (44.4)	16 (34)	χ² = 3.56, P = 0.16
Age (yr)	39.57 ± 11.58	48.67 ± 13.93	41.21 ± 10.55	P = 0.14
SBP (mmHg)	114.09 ± 8.73	125 ± 13.81	102.74 ± 9.93	UC QT prolongation (-) vs (+), ^aP = 0.012; UC QT prolongation (-) vs control, P = 0.51; UC QT prolongation (+) vs control, ^aP = 0.037
DBP (mmHg)	73.96 ± 6.88	74.44 ± 8.81	71.11 ± 6.55	P = 0.66
Heart rate (beats/min)	77.13 ± 13.4	71.4 ± 12.23	74.80 ± 13.25	P = 0.25
BMI (kg/m²)	25.22 ± 4.31	27.72 ± 9.11	24.77 ± 3.43	P = 0.18
WC (cm) male	94.92 ± 9.91	104.6 ± 22.67	93.19 ± 10.99	P = 0.59
WC (cm) female	92.75 ± 12.83	93.5 ± 10.96	90.68 ± 12.18	P = 0.54
QTcd (ms)	40.09 ± 2.34	55.1 ± 3.1	38.68 ± 2.25	UC QT prolongation (-) vs (+), UC QT prolongation (+) vs control, ^bP = 0.000; UC QT prolongation (-) vs control, ^bP = 0.003
FPG (mg/dL)	93.62 ± 9.02	95.11 ± 17.33	87.6 ± 10.13	P = 0.53
Total-C (mg/dL)	194.49 ± 34.31	214.33 ± 40.84	185.68 ± 37.74	P = 0.34
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	114.33 ± 53.89	120.11 ± 36.31	97.98 ± 36.74	P = 0.10
HDL-C (mg/dL)	54.62 ± 15.10	61.22 ± 14.95	58.17 ± 14.74	P = 0.38
LDL-C (mg/dL)	124.81 ± 24.41	137.552 ± 28.75	119.02 ± 24.48	P = 0.49
Insulin (μU/mL)	7.20 ± 4.54	10.88 ± 7.19	5.68 ± 3.83	UC QT prolongation (-) vs (+), ^aP = 0.031; UC QT prolongation (-) vs control, P = 0.43; UC QT prolongation (+) vs control, ^aP = 0.047
HOMA-IR	1.90 ± 1.09	2.94 ± 1.88	1.31 ± 0.94	UC QT prolongation (-) vs (+), ^aP = 0.011; UC QT prolongation (-) vs control, P = 0.51; UC QT prolongation (+) vs control, ^aP = 0.027
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.31 ± 1.35	4.44 ± 1.29	4.01 ± 1.05	P = 0.12

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01, χ² test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskall-Wallis test. UC: Ulcerative colitis; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; QTcd: Corrected QT dispersion; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; C: Cholesterol; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

Citation: Yorulmaz E, Sezgin A, Yorulmaz H, Adali G, Ciftci H. Prolonged QT dispersion in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(1): 65-71
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i1/65.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i1.65