Meta-analysis of combined therapy for adult hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis

Table 1 Characteristics of 12 included studies

Ref.	Region	Patients		Study design
		Gender	Mean age (yr)
Fang et al[9]	Zhejiang	NA	> 18	CCT study
Cheng et al[16]	Guangzhou	21 M, 3 F	29.3 ± 10.3	Self-control study
Dang et al[17]	Shandong	38 M, 20 F	41	Self-control study
He et al[18]	Beijing	NA	> 18	CCT study
Liu et al[19]	Shandong	17 M, 8 F	39.6 ± 11.2	Self-control study
Liu et al[20]	Hunan	20 M, 10 F	31.4 ± 13.8	Self-control study
Sun et al[21]	Shanghai	9 M, 4 F	34.4 ± 10.4	Self-control study
Sun et al[22]	Shandong	22 M, 7 F	> 18	Self-control study
Tang et al[23]	Beijing	8 M, 1 F	38.2 ± 11.2	RCT study
Tang et al[24]	Guangzhou	16 M, 5 F	31 ± 8.9	CCT study
Wu et al[25]	Shanghai	23 M, 12 F	40.5 ± 10.4	Self-control study
Xia et al[26]	Shandong	28 M, 14 F	35.4 ± 17.1	Self-control study

M: Male; F: Female; NA: Not available; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; CCT: Clinical controlled trial.

Table 2 Categories of interventions used in individual studies and duration of follow-up

Ref.	Intervention	Duration	Follow-up	Dropout (n)
Fang et al[9]	Prednisone 0.8-1.0 mg/kg per day + LAM/ETV/ADV	12 mo	40 mo	0
Cheng et al[16]	Prednisolone 0.4 mg/kg per day + MMF + LAM	6 mo	6 mo	0
Dang et al[17]	Prednisone 0.8-1.0 mg/kg per day + MMF + LAM	6 mo	6 mo	0
He et al[18]	Prednisone 40-60 mg/d + MMF	18 mo	12 mo	0
Liu et al[19]	prednisolone 0.5-1.0 mg/kg per day + MMF + LAM	12 mo	12 mo	0
Liu et al[20]	Prednisone 1.0 mg/kg per day + ETV	9 mo	9 mo	0
Sun et al[21]	Prednisone 0.5 mg/kgper two days + MMF + LAM	12 mo	12 mo	2
Sun et al[22]	Prednisone 1.0 mg/kg per day + ADV	6 mo	12 mo	0
Tang et al[23]	Prednisone 0.5-0.8 mg/kg per day + MMF	6 mo	12 mo	0
Tang et al[24]	Prednisolone 0.4 mg/kg per day + MMF + LAM	6 mo	NA	0
Wu et al[25]	Prednisolone 0.4 mg/kg per two days + MMF + LAM	6 mo	12 mo	0
Xia et al[26]	Prednisone 0.5 mg/kg per day + LEF +LAM	6 mo	12 mo	0

MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; LAM: Lamivudine; ETV: Entecavir; ADV: Adefovir dipivoxil; LEF: Leflunomide; IFNα: Interferon α; NA: Not available.

Table 3 Various changes of interventions used in individual studies

Ref.	n	ALT (U/L)		Scr (μmol/L)		Albumin (g/d)		Proteinuria (g/d)		Proteinuria		HBV-DNA titer
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	CR	PR	Before	After
Fang et al[9]	20	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	13/20 (12 mo)	6/20 (12 mo)	NA	NA
Cheng et al[16]	24	NA	NA	NA	NA	21.0 ± 4.2	35.4 ± 6.5	6.3 ± 2.3	1.1 ± 1.2	9/24	11/24	5.2 ± 1.6 (12 mo)	5.1 ± 1.7 (12 mo)
Dang et al[17]	58	21.0 ± 10.3	21.6 ± 12.5	97.3 ± 38.2	92.5 ± 38.6	26.4 ± 4.9	39.0 ± 4.7	4.2 ± 2.1 (12 mo)	1.3 ± 1.5 (12 mo)	19/58	24/58	NA	NA
He et al[18]	13	NA	NA	NA	NA	25.8 ± 6.3	34.7 ± 7.0	7.3 ± 3.5	2.8 ± 1.4	NA	NA	NA	NA
Liu et al[19]	25	72.5 ± 13.7	42.1 ± 8.2	NA	NA	26.4 ± 8.1	37.1 ± 2.1	6.0 ± 3.7	1.8 ± 0.9	5/25	15/25	NA	NA
Liu et al[20]	30	65.9 ± 23.6	62.6 ± 15.0	135.1 ± 83.5	86.0 ± 24.5	26.9 ± 6.0	37.8 ± 2.3	5.6 ± 3.4	1.9 ± 1.1	12/30 (9 mo)	12/30 (9 mo)	NA	NA
Sun et al[21]	11	NA	NA	NA	NA	25.3 ± 2.4	33.7 ± 3.1 (12 mo)	6.7 ± 2.5	2.1 ± 1.7	4/11 (12 mo)	5/11 (12 mo)	NA	NA
Sun et al[22]	29	NA	NA	105.0 ± 43.5	93.5 ± 35.2	29.5 ± 7.8	38.3 ± 6.9	85.8 ± 39.0 (mg/kg per day)	15.6 ± 8.4 (mg/kg per day)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tang et al[23]	9	27.4 ± 25.2	22.9 ± 4.3	95.3 ± 33.8	89.6 ± 34.3	26.0 ± 6.2	35.1 ± 5.6	4.9 ± 2.9	1.4 ± 0.7	4/9	4/9	NA	NA
Tang et al[24]	21	27.0 ± 17	NA	NA	NA	22.4 ± 4.5	36.8 ± 5.6	5.0 ± 2.1	1.0 ± 1.33	15/21	3/21	5.3 ± 1.7 (12 mo)	5.1 ± 1.7 (12 mo)
Wu et al[25]	35	NA	NA	135.3 ± 15.2	78.2 ± 11.5 (12 mo)	20.3 ± 4.9	41.6 ± 4.3 (12 mo)	5.2 ± 1.3	1.1 ± 0.1	20/35	10/35	4.8 ± 1.4 (12 mo)	4.7 ± 1.6 (12 mo)
Xia et al[26]	42	63.2 ± 22.9	43 ± 10.2 (12 mo)	126.6 ± 73.9	81.5 ± 13.9 (12 mo)	26.9 ± 6.5	37.8 ± 2 (12 mo)	3.5 ± 2.1	0.7 ± 0.4 (12 mo)	7/42 (12 mo)	29/42 (12 mo)	NA	NA

Unless specified data are shown at 6 mo examination after treatment; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; Scr: Serum creatinine; NA: Not available; CR: Complete remission; PR: Partly remission; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 4 Pathological type and proteinuria remission rate

Ref.	Proteinuria remission rate	Pathological type and proteinuria remission rate
		MN			MPGN			MsPGN
		R	CR	PR	R	CR	PR	R	CR	PR
Cheng et al[16]	20/24	3/5	1/5	2/5	6/7	1/7	5/7	5/6	2/6	3/6
Liu et al[19]	20/25	11/15	2/15	9/15	0	0	0	6/7	3/7	3/7
Sun et al[21]	9/11	3/4	1/4	2/4	1/2	0/2	1/2	3/3	1/3	2/3
Sun et al[22]	26/29	11/12	7/12	4/12	7/9	3/9	4/9	5/6	2/6	3/6
Tang et al[24]	18/21	6/7	5/7	1/7	1/2	0/2	1/2	6/6	6/6	0/6
Xia et al[26]	36/42	28/30	6/30	22/30	1/1	0/1	1/1	6/7	1/7	5/7

MN: Membranous glomerulonephritis; MPGN: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; MsPGN: Mesangial proliferative glomemlonephrits; R: Remission; CR: Complete remission; PR: Partly remission.