Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: Focusing on gut microbiota

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Dec 14, 2012 (publication date) through Jul 26, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2012; 18(46): 6693-6700
Published online Dec 14, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6693

Table 1 West-Haven criteria for hepatic encephalopathy

Stage	Consciousness	Intellect and behaviour	Neurological findings
0	Normal	Normal	Normal examination¹
1	Trivial lack of awareness	Impaired attention span; altered sleep; euphoria	Mild asterixis
2	Lethargic	Disoriented; inappropriate behaviour depression	Asterixis; slurred speech
3	Somnolent but arousable	Gross disorientation; bizarre behaviour	Muscular rigidity/clonus hyper-reflexia
4	Coma	Coma	Decerebrate posturing

¹If impaired psychomotor testing, then minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Citation: Garcovich M, Zocco MA, Roccarina D, Ponziani FR, Gasbarrini A. Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: Focusing on gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(46): 6693-6700
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i46/6693.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6693