Hepatic schwannoma: Imaging findings on CT, MRI and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

Table 1 Review of primary benign or malignant schwannoma

Ref.	Age/sex	Country of origin	Size (cm)	Associated diseases	Diagnosis	Prognosis
Tuder et al[18]	74/M	North America	21 × 12 × 8	None	Surgery/autopsy	Death
Abe et al[17]	68/F	Asia	8.0 × 6.0 × 4.5	None	Surgery	Survival
Hytiroglou et al[16]	67/M	North America	13 × 11 × 10	None	-	-
Heffron et al[15]	38/F	North America	5	None	Surgery	Survival
Yoshida et al[14]	56/F	Asia	16	None	-	-
Morikawa et al[13]	63/M	Asia	20 × 13	None	Autopsy	Death
Sheikh et al[12]	35/F	Asia	-	None	-	-
Fiel et al[11]	49/M	North America	-	None	-	-
Wada et al[10]	69/F	Asia	15 × 13	None	Surgery	Survival
Wada et al[10]	64/F	Asia	4	Early gastric cancer	Surgery	Survival
Flemming et al[9]	57/F	Europa	Huge	None	Surgery	Survival
Momtahen et al[8]	52/F	Asia	4.4 × 3.6 × 2.9	None	Surgery	Survival
Lee et al[7]	36/F	Asia	5 × 4 × 2	None	Surgery	Survival
Akin et al[6]	66/F	Asia	3 × 5 × 4	Breast cancer	Biopsy/surgery	Survival
Shih et al[5]	58/F	Asia	9.1 × 7.1 × 8.9	None	Surgery	Survival
Sukegawa et al[4]	55/F	Asia	4.0 × 2.5 × 2.0	None	Surgery	Survival
Ozkan et al[3]	56/F	Asia	15 × 10 × 10	None	Surgery	Survival
Ota et al (present case)	72/F	Asia	4.6	None	Surgery	Survival

M: Male; F: Female.

Table 2 Comparison between preoperative imaging and pathological findings

Preoperative imaging technique		Characteristics	Pathology
Dynamic CT		Delayed peripheral subject enhancement	A fibrous capsule
			An internal fibrillary element
T2-weighted MRI		Internal heterogeneous mixed hypo- and hyperintensity	Secondary degeneration such as pseudocystic regression and hemorrhage
FDG-PET		Abnormal uptake	High cellular density (Antoni A area)
Ultrasonography	B mode	Mixed internal septations and solid areas	Division surface showed big and small multilocular cysts
	Vascular phase	Minute blood flows into septum and solid areas	Increased arterial vessel flows associated with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells
	Postvascular phase	Delayed enhancement of solid areas	Aggregation of siderophores

CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; FDG-PET: F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography.