Ching SS, Tan YK. Spectral analysis of bowel sounds in intestinal obstruction using an electronic stethoscope. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(33): 4585-4592 [PMID: 22969233 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i33.4585]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Siok Siong Ching, MRCS, MD, Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore. ching_ss@hotmail.com
Article-Type of This Article
Brief Article
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 7, 2012; 18(33): 4585-4592 Published online Sep 7, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i33.4585
Table 1 Sound characteristics of acute bowel obstruction vs subacute bowel obstruction vs no obstruction
No obstruction (n = 20)
Subacute obstruction (n = 11)
Acute obstruction (n = 40)
P value
Sound duration (s)
0.64 (0.20-1.57)
0.63 (0.23-1.67)
0.69 (0.19-2.10)
> 0.05
Sound-to-sound interval (s)
0.72 (0.46-1.27)
0.70 (0.47-1.67)
0.75 (0.41-1.41)
> 0.05
Dominant frequency (Hz)
325 (225-530)
405 (218-565)
315 (225-545)
> 0.05
Peak frequency (Hz)
595 (378-713)
655 (465-735)
585 (530-706)
> 0.05
Table 2 Sound characteristics of acute small bowel obstruction vs acute large bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction (n = 27)
Large bowel obstruction (n = 13)
P value
Sound duration (s)
0.55 (0.17-1.67)
0.87 (0.27-3.60)
0.021
Sound-to-sound interval (s)
0.72 (0.41-1.40)
0.78 (0.44-1.42)
0.621
Dominant frequency (Hz)
288 (220-479)
440 (250-643)
0.003
Peak frequency (Hz)
560 (480-695)
660 (578-740)
0.060
Table 3 Sound characteristics of acute large bowel obstruction vs large bowel pseudo-obstruction
Large bowel obstruction (n = 13)
Large bowel pseudo-obstruction (n = 3)
P value
Sound duration (s)
0.87 (0.27-3.60)
1.24 (0.53-2.64)
0.686
Sound-to-sound interval (s)
0.78 (0.44-1.42)
1.08 (0.68-2.23)
0.061
Dominant frequency (Hz)
440 (250-643)
488 (389-679)
0.174
Peak frequency (Hz)
660 (578-740)
630 (525-750)
0.638
Table 4 Sound characteristics of acute small bowel obstruction vs large bowel pseudo-obstruction
Small bowel obstruction (n = 27)
Large bowel pseudo-obstruction (n = 3)
P value
Sound duration (s)
0.55 (0.17-1.67)
1.24 (0.53-2.64)
0.048
Sound-to-sound interval (s)
0.72 (0.41-1.40)
1.08 (0.68-2.23)
0.041
Dominant frequency (Hz)
288 (220-479)
488 (389-679)
0.001
Peak frequency (Hz)
560 (480-695)
630 (525-750)
0.446
Table 5 Sound characteristics of non-operated and operated patients with small bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction, non operated (n = 25)
Small bowel obstruction, operated (n = 10)
P value
Sound duration (s)
0.55 (0.21-1.45)
1.00 (0.25-2.26)
0.100
Sound-to-sound interval (s)
0.63 (0.39-1.13)
1.29 (0.61-1.82)
< 0.001
Dominant frequency (Hz)
360 (225-560)
265 (210-455)
0.084
Peak frequency (Hz)
625 (535-713)
525 (400-738)
0.432
Citation: Ching SS, Tan YK. Spectral analysis of bowel sounds in intestinal obstruction using an electronic stethoscope. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(33): 4585-4592