Investigation of compensatory postures with videofluoromanometry in dysphagia patients

Table 1 Normal values of videofluoromanometry

	Normal values measured with VFM
Tongue base pressure	130 ± 70 mmHg
UES
Resting pressure	90 ± 30 mmHg
Contraction pressure	240 ± 80 mmHg
Residual pressure	< 10 mmHg
Relaxation duration	1.5 ± 0.4 s
Bolus progression	> 4 cm/s
Pharyngeal pressure	60 ± 20 mmHg

VFM: Videofluoromanometry; UES: Upper esophageal sphincter.

Table 2 Results of videofluoromanometry

	ALS	Stroke	MS	PD	Post-surgery	AD	Others	Total
Safe transit	41	21	22	28	3	14	40	169
Penetration without aspiration	22	14	8	10	-	7	10	71
Aspiration before swallowing	4	5	1	3	1	3	-	17
Aspiration during swallowing	12	5	3	5	4	3	-	32
Aspiration after swallowing	10	2	2	3	2	2	-	21
Multiple aspirations	4	-	-	-	-	2	-	6
No transit	1	-	-	2	-	2	-	5
Total	94	47	36	51	10	33	50	321

ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; MS: Multiple sclerosis; PD: Parkinson’s disease; AD: Alzheimer’s disease. Others: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia, chest pain, diverticula.

Table 3 Results of compensatory postures in selected patients

	ALS	Stroke	MS	PD	Post-surgery	AD	Others	Total
Swallowing disorders
Aspiration before swallowing	4	5	1	3	1	3	-	17
Aspiration during swallowing	12	5	3	5	4	3	-	32
Aspiration after swallowing	10	2	2	3	2	2	-	21
No transit	1	-	-	2	-	2	-	5
Compensation postures
Chin down	13	6	5	6	5	7	0	42
Head turned	10	4	1	3	0	1	0	19
Head hyperextended	1	0	0	2	0	2	0	5
No compensation	3	2	0	2	2	0	0	9

ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; MS: Multiple sclerosis; PD: Parkinson’s disease; AD: Alzheimer’s disease.