Study of Helicobacter pylori genotype status in saliva, dental plaques, stool and gastric biopsy samples

Table 1 Primers used for polymerase chain reaction analysis of voculating cytotoxin gene A and cytotoxin associated gene A

Region	Primer	Sequence (5'-3')	Size and location of PCR product
s1a	vacA s1a-F	CTC TCG CTT TAG TAG GAG C	213 bp
	VA1-R	CTG CTT GAA TGC GCC AAA C	(843-1055)
s1b	SS3-F	AGC GCC ATA CCG CAA GAG	187 bp
	VA1-R	CTG CTT GAA TGC GCC AAA C	(869-1055)
s1c	vacA s1c-F	CTC TCG CTT TAG TGG GGY T	213 bp
	VA1-R	CTG CTT GAA TGC GCC AAA C	(843-1055)
s2	SS2-F	GCT AAC ACG CCA AAT GAT CC	199 bp
	VA1-R	CTG CTT GAA TGC GCC AAA C	(433-631)
m1a	VA3-F	GGT CAA AAT GCG GTC ATG G	290 bp
	VA3-R	CCA TTG GTA CCT GTA GAA AC	(2741-3030)
m1b	VAm-F3	GGC CCC AAT GCA GTC ATG GA	291 bp
	VAm-R3	GCT GTT AGT GCC TAA AGA AGC AT	(2741-3031)
m2	VA4-F	GGA GCC CCA GGA AAC ATT G	352 bp
	VA4-R	CAT AAC TAG CGC CTT GCA	(976-1327)
cagA	cagA-U	GGA ATA CCA AAA ACG CAA AAA CCA	300 bp
	cagA-L	CCC CAC AAT ACA CCA GCA AAA CT
ureC (glmM)	GlmM1-R	GCTTACTTTCTAACACTAACGCGC	296 bp
	GlmM1-F	GGATAAGCTTTTAGGGGTGTTAGGGG

PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; cagA: Cytotoxin associated gene A; vacA: Voculating cytotoxin gene A.

Table 2 The frequency of cytotoxin associated gene A and voculating cytotoxin gene A genotypes in gastric biopsy, saliva and stool samples

	cagA n (%)	vacA n (%)
		s1a/m1a	s1a/m1b	s1a/m2	s1b/m1a	s1b/m1b	s1b/m2	s1c/m1a	s1c/m1b	s1c/m2	s2/m1a	s2/m1b	s2/m2
Gastric biopsy	220 (94.42)	36 (15.45)	9 (3.86)	60 (25.75)	7 (3)	5 (2.14)	13 (5.57)	17 (7.29)	5 (2.14)	39 (16.73)	12 (5.15)	0	30 (12.87)
Saliva	25 (100)	5 (20)	-	18 (72)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (8)
Stool	162 (97)	14 (8)	2 (1.19)	120 (71.85)	2 (1.19)	-	2 (1.19)	3 (1.79)	-	3 (1.79)	-	-	22 (13.17)

cagA: Cytotoxin associated gene A; vacA: Voculating cytotoxin gene A.

Table 3 The list of patients with incompatible Helicobacter pylori voculating cytotoxin gene A genotypes

Patient number	Gastric biopsy strain	Saliva strain	Stool strain
1	s1a/m1a	s1a/m2	s2/m2
2	s1a/m1a	s1a/m2	-
3	s2/m1a	s1a/m2	-
4	s1c/m2	s1a/m2	s1c/m2
5	s2/m2	s1a/m2	-
6	s2/m2	s1a/m2	s2/m2
7	s1a/m1a	s1a/m1a	s2/m2
8	s1a/m2	s1a/m2	s2/m2
9	s1a/m2	-	s1a/m1a
10	s1a/m1b	-	s1b/m2
11	s2/m2	s2/m2	s1a/m2
12	s2/m2	-	s1a/m2
13	s2/m2	-	s1a/m2
14	s1a/m2	s1a/m2	s1a/m1a
15	s2/m2	-	s1c/m2
16	s2/m1a	-	s2/m2

Table 4 Summary of studies which analysed Helicobacter pylori status in different oral cavity, stool and gastric sample

Author name	Country	Target population	Number of sample	Type of specimens	Method	Positive rate %
Cześnikiewicz-Guzik et al[16]	Poland	Gastrointensinal patients	100	Gastic biopsy, saliva and gingival plaques	ELISA	51 biopsy 54 saliva and 48.3 gingival pockets
Medina et al[3]	Argentina	Gastroduodenal patients	98	Saliva, dental plaque and gastric biopsy	PCR	88.4 biopsy and 18.98 oral samples
Iamaroon et al[7]	Thailand	Recurrent auphtus ulcer patients and healthy volunteers	22 patients/15 normal people	Mocusa	Nested PCR	4.5 auphtus patients and 4.5 normal patients
Tanahashi et al[37]	Northern California	Gastric patients	16 infected 10 uninfected	Stool, saliva and vomits	PCR and culture	18.8 saliva, 21.8 stool and 37.5 vomits
Silva et al[6]	Brazil	Gastric patients	30	Gastric biopsy, saliva and dental plaque	Single step and nested PCR	80 gastric biopsy, 30 saliva and 20 dental plaque
Fernández-Tilapa et al[5]	Mexico	Adults without dyspepsia	200	Gastric biopsy, saliva and dental plaque	Nested and semi nested PCR, ELISA	62 biopsy and 17 oral samples
Wang et al[8]	Tennessee	Gastric patients	31	Gastric biopsy and saliva	PCR and DNA sequencing	100 gastric biopsy and 71 saliva
Current study	Iran	Gastroduodenal patients	300	Gastric biopsy, saliva, dental plaque and stool	PCR	77.66 biopsy, 10.72 saliva, 0 dental plaque and 71.67 stool

ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.