Prognostic significance of PTEN, Ki-67 and CD44s expression patterns in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Table 1 Clinical and pathological parameters in 155 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

	In general	Gastric GIST	Small intestinal GIST
Total case	153	81	72
Followed-up cases	104	62	42
Age (yr)
< 50	38	14	24
≥ 50	64	46	18
Gender
Male	72	41	31
Female	30	19	11
Tumor size (cm)
< 2	1	1	0
2.1-5	31	20	11
5.1-10	46	29	17
> 10	24	10	14
Mitotic index
≤ 5/50HPF	54	31	23
5-10/50HPF	15	9	6
> 10/50HPF	33	20	13
Risk grade
Very low risk	2	2	0
Low risk	23	14	9
Intermediate Risk	28	17	11
High risk	49	27	22
Recurrence	22	8	14
Metastasis	15	7	8
Survival rate (%)
3-yr disease specific	76.64 ± 9.38	80.77 ± 11.50	73.65 ± 14.24
5-yr disease specific	69.05 ± 11.18	66.51 ± 17.06	61.76 ± 18.30

GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Table 2 Expressions of 5 molecular markers in gastric and small intestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Protein	Gastric GISTs			Small intestinal GISTs
	Positive (%)		P value	Positive (%)		P value
	DOD (n = 13)	Alive (n = 48)		DOD (n = 15)	Alive (n = 27)
CD44s	5 (38.4)	35 (72.9)	0.020	15 (100)	23 (85.2)	0.397
MMP-9	11 (84.6)	23 (47.9)	0.018	11 (73.3)	22 (81.5)	0.339
TIMP-1	7 (53.8)	22 (45.8)	0.608	3 (20.0)	14 (51.9)	0.085
PTEN
< 50%	5 (38.5)	8 (8.3)	0.014	11 (73.3)	6 (22.2)	0.003
≥ 50%	8 (61.5)	44 (91.7)		4 (26.7)	21 (77.8)
Ki-67
< 5%	7 (53.8)	41 (85.4)	0.022	5 (33.3)	24 (88.9)	0.0001
≥ 5%	6 (46.2)	7 (14.6)		10 (66.7)	3 (11.1)

GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses of molecular markers in gastric gastrointestinal and small intestinal stromal tumor

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Gastric GIST
PTEN	0.23 (0.07-0.74)	0.013	0.35 (0.10-1.20)	0.100
Ki-67	4.54 (1.45-14.16)	0.009	2.69 (0.73-9.87)	0.130
CD44s	0.21 (0.07-0.73)	0.013	0.43 (0.83-9.98)	0.320
PTEN, Ki-67, CD44s	5.92 (1.29-27.08)	0.022	1.35 (0.15-11.80)	0.780
MMP-9	4.22 (1.92-19.31)	0.042
TIMP-1	0.90 (0.29-2.82)	0.862
MMP-9/TIMP-1	0.72 (0.22-2.38)	0.586
Small intestinal GIST
Ki-67	3.29 (1.14-9.46)	0.019
PTEN, Ki-67	4.02 (1.25-16.09)	0.021

MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; OR: Odds ratio.