Body mass index is associated with age-at-onset of HCV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients classified with hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence age

Factors	Occurrence age of HCC (years old)			P
	<60 (n = 79)	60-80 (n = 439)	≥80 (n = 38)
Sex
Male/Female, n	70/9	264/175	17/21	< 0.0001a
BMI (kg/m2)	23.8 ± 3.4	22.9 ± 3.4	21.8 ± 3.3	0.02b
< 25/25 <, n	50/29	325/114	32/6	0.039a
Diabetes mellitus
With/without, n	16/63	86/353	2/36	0.088a
Smoking (pack years)
< 20/≥ 20, n	43/36	137/302	9/29	0.0001a
Alcohol consumption (g/d)
< 60/≥ 60, n	65/14	416/23	36/2	< 0.0001a
Tumor stage
I/II/III, n	21/33/25	116/196/127	11/16/11	0.981a
Child-Pugh class
A/B/C, n	55/23/1	349/87/3	34/4/0	0.145a
Albumin (g/dL)	3.57 ± 0.53	3.64 ± 0.50	3.63 ± 0.41	0.586b
< 3.5/≥ 3.5, n	30/49	151/288	14/24	0.433a
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.23 ± 0.62	1.05 ± 0.55	0.80 ± 0.30	0.0002b
< 2.0/≥ 2.0, n	70/9	413/26	38/0	0.047a
Prothrombin activity (%)	76.1 ± 16.6	79.9 ± 15.1	89.1 ± 12.2	0.0002b
< 70/≥ 70, n	26/53	98/341	3/35	0.003a
Platelet count (× 104/μL)	10.4 ± 7.8	11.0 ± 5.5	13.1 ± 5.8	0.005b
< 10/≥ 10, n	45/34	223/216	14/24	0.125a
ALT (IU/L)	78.3 ± 39.3	71.8 ± 44.1	41.7 ± 19.3	< 0.0001b
< 80/≥ 80, n	47/32	288/151	36/2	0.0004a
GGT (IU/L)	123.7 ± 102.5	86.0 ± 86.6	54.6 ± 36.1	< 0.0001b
< 50/≥ 50, n	15/64	173/266	20/18	0.0002a

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was done using a: the χ² test or b: the Turkey-Kramer test. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Table 2 Analysis of factors affecting development of hepatocellular carcinoma at younger age (under 60 yr old)

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
Sex
Female	1			1
Male	5.43	2.647-11.120	< 0.0001	3.58	1.580-8.133	0.002
BMI
< 25	1			1
≥ 25	1.73	1.044-2.851	0.033	1.82	1.015-3.270	0.045
Diabetes mellitus
Without	1			1
With	1.12	0.619-2.037	0.703	1.00	0.516-1.952	0.991
Smoking (packs year)
< 20	1			1
≥ 20	2.71	1.669-4.393	< 0.0001	1.64	1.904-2.991	0.104
Alcohol (g/d)
< 60	1			1
≥ 60	3.89	1.926-7.874	0.0002	2.51	1.130-5.563	0.024
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
< 2.0	1			1
≥ 2.0	2.23	1.003-4.958	0.049	2.33	0.898-6.033	0.082
Prothrombin activity (%)
≥ 70	1			1
< 70	1.91	1.111-3.262	0.019	1.60	0.859-2.987	0.139
Platelet (× 104/μL)
≥ 10	1			1
< 10	1.34	0.829-2.166	0.232	1.60	0.877-2.886	0.118
ALT (IU/L)
< 80	1			1
≥ 80	1.44	0.884-2.350	0.142	1.17	0.656-2.090	0.542
GGT (IU/L)
< 50	1			1
≥ 50	3.24	1.731-6.053	0.0002	2.38	1.194-4.727	0.014

HR: Hazard ratio; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Table 3 Analysis of factors affecting development of hepatocellular carcinoma at older age (over 80 yr old)

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
Sex
Female	1			1
Male	0.45	0.229-0.867	0.017	0.47	0.200-1.119	0.089
BMI
<25	1			1
≥ 25	0.49	0.201-1.201	0.119	0.48	0.174-1.321	0.155
Diabetes mellitus
Without	1			1
With	0.23	0.054-0.957	0.043	0.32	0.074-1.412	0.133
Smoking (packs year)
< 20	1			1
≥ 20	0.58	0.270-1.258	0.169	0.81	0.306-2.164	0.680
Alcohol (g/d)
< 60	1			1
≥ 60	0.72	0.167-3.118	0.663	0.45	0.056-3.606	0.451
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
< 2.0	1			1
≥ 2.0	1.00	-	0.97	1.00	-	0.98
Prothrombin activity (%)
≥ 70	1			1
< 70	0.10	0.014-0.755	0.025	0.15	0.020-1.166	0.07
Platelet (× 104/μL)
≥ 10	1			1
< 10	0.54	0.275-1.076	0.080	0.62	0.287-1.360	0.236
ALT (IU/L)
< 80	1			1
≥ 80	0.10	0.024-0.427	0.002	0.13	0.030-0.569	0.007
GGT (IU/L)
< 50	1			1
≥ 50	0.51	0.262-0.984	0.045	1.01	0.479-2.146	0.971

HR: Hazard ratio; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.