Glutamine depletion induces murine neonatal melena with increased apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium

Table 1 Amino acid components of complete amino acid milk

Amino acid	mg/100 mL of milk1
Valine	0.60 ± 0.02
Leucine	1.06 ± 0.04
Isoleucine	0.48 ± 0.04
Lysine	0.88 ± 0.06
Threonine	0.47 ± 0.02
Methionine	0.34 ± 0.04
Histidine	0.25 ± 0.03
Phenylalanine	0.51 ± 0.16
Tryptophan	0.19 ± 0.01
Alanine	0.40 ± 0.00
Arginine	0.32 ± 0.01
Glutamine	2.09 ± 0.20
Proline	0.74 ± 0.15
Cystine	0.08 ± 0.00
Tyrosine	0.56 ± 0.05
Asparagine	0.91 ± 0.07
Glycine	0.19 ± 0.00
Serine	0.53 ± 0.01

¹The amount of each amino acid is presented as average ± SE (mg/100 mL of milk).

Table 2 Nutrient composition of mouse milk and artificial amino acid milk

	Mouse milk	Artificial amino acid milk	CAM1	GDM	GRM
Osmotic pressure (mOsm/kg)	300	1800	1161	ND	ND
Glutamine (g/L)	ND	24.23	12.12	0	36.35
Fat (%)	22	10	16	16	16

¹Emulsified fat was added to artificial amino acid milk at a ratio of 1:1 to yield complete amino acid milk (CAM), because the proteins in the milk used in this study were in the form of amino acids, resulting in a very high osmotic pressure with a low amount of fat. As a result, the amount of amino acid contained in the CAM is 50% of the initial amount. GDM: Glutamine-deleted milk; GRM: Glutamine-rich milk; ND: Not determined.