Colorectal cancer screening behavior and willingness: An outpatient survey in China

Table 1 Characteristics of respondents

Patient characteristics	Number (n = 1001)	Percent (%)
Gender
Female	510	50.9
Male	491	49.1
Age (yr)
< 40	397	39.7
≥ 40	604	60.3
Educational level
Primary or no schooling	69	6.9
Secondary education	445	44.5
Higher education	487	48.7
Monthly household income
< 4000 RMB (yuan)1	538	53.7
≥ 4000 RMB (yuan)	463	46.3
Health insurance
No2	358	35.8
Yes	643	64.2
Previous CRC screening
No	775	77.4
Yes3	226	22.6
Screening willingness
Voluntary attendance	375	37.5
Under recommendation	413	41.3
No attendance	213	21.3
Preferred screening approach
Blood test	249	24.9
Fecal test	186	18.6
Colonoscopy	322	32.2
Not specified	244	24.4
Knowledge about CRC and CRC screening
Low	288	28.8
Moderate	247	24.7
High	466	46.6

¹Renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China;

²Including the status of health insurance application;

³Including colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and double contrast barium enema (DCBE). CRC: Colorectal cancer.

Table 2 Factors associated with outpatients’ previous screening behavior n (%)

Variable	Previously screened		OR (95% CI)	P value
	No (n = 775)	Yes (n = 226)
Gender
Female	401 (78.6)	109 (21.4)	1.000	0.365
Male	374 (76.2)	117 (23.8)	1.151 (0.856-1.548)
Age (yr)
< 40	356 (89.7)	41 (10.3)	1.000	< 0.001
≥ 40	419 (69.4)	185 (30.6)	3.834 (2.657-5.532)
Health insurance
No	303 (84.6)	55 (15.4)	1.000	< 0.001
Yes	472 (73.4)	171 (26.6)	1.996 (1.426-2.794)
Educational level
Primary or no schooling	52 (75.4)	17 (24.6)	1.000	-
Secondary education	319 (71.7)	126 (28.3)	1.208 (0.673-2.169)	0.526
High education	404 (83.0)	83 (17.0)	0.628 (0.346-1.141)	0.127
Monthly household income, RMB (yuan)
< 4000	397 (73.8)	141 (26.2)	1.000	0.003
≥ 4000	378 (81.6)	85 (18.4)	0.633 (0.467-0.858)
Level of knowledge
Low	261 (90.6)	27 (9.4)	1.000	-
Moderate	213 (86.2)	34 (13.8)	1.543 (0.902-2.639)	0.113
High	301 (64.6)	165 (35.4)	5.299 (3.415-8.223)	< 0.001

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Factors associated with outpatients’ screening willingness n (%)

Variable	Screening willingness		OR (95% CI)	P value
	Rejection1 (n = 213)	Attendance2 (n = 788)
Gender
Female	120 (23.5)	390 (76.5)	1.000	0.089
Male	93 (18.9)	398 (81.1)	1.317 (0.971-1.786)
Age (yr)
< 40	76 (19.1)	321 (80.9)	1.000	0.207
≥ 40	137 (22.7)	467 (77.3)	0.807 (0.589-1.105)
Health insurance
No	73 (20.4)	285 (79.6)	1.000	0.630
Yes	140 (21.8)	503 (78.2)	0.920 (0.670-1.265)
Educational level
Primary or no schooling	16 (23.2)	53 (76.8)	1.000	-
Secondary education	109 (24.5)	336 (75.5)	0.931 (0.511-1.695)	0.814
High education	88 (18.1)	399 (81.9)	1.369 (0.748-2.506)	0.309
Monthly household income, RMB (yuan)
< 4000	123 (22.9)	415 (77.1)	1.000	0.189
≥ 4000	90 (19.4)	373 (80.6)	1.228 (0.905-1.668)
Level of knowledge
Low	106 (36.8)	182 (63.2)	1.000	-
Moderate	52 (21.1)	195 (78.9)	2.184 (1.481-3.221)	< 0.001
High	55 (11.8)	411 (88.2)	4.352 (3.008-6.298)	< 0.001

¹Patients rejected to attend screening;

²Patients would attend screening voluntarily or under recommendation. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Factors associated with outpatients’ choice of screening approach n (%)

Variable	Screening approach		OR (95% CI)	P value
	Normal1 (n = 435)	Precise2 (n = 322)
Gender
Female	233 (59.1)	161 (40.9)	1.000	0.340
Male	202 (55.6)	161 (44.4)	1.153 (0.864-1.539)
Age (yr)
< 40	163 (58.8)	114 (41.2)	1.000	0.593
≥ 40	272 (56.7)	208 (43.3)	1.093 (0.810-1.476)
Health insurance
No	149 (59.1)	103 (40.9)	1.000	0.533
Yes	286 (56.6)	219 (43.4)	1.108 (0.815-1.505)
Educational level
Primary or no schooling	27 (54.0)	23 (46.0)	1.000	-
Secondary education	197 (57.9)	143 (42.1)	0.852 (0.469-1.547)	0.599
High education	211 (57.5)	156 (42.5)	0.868 (0.479-1.571)	0.640
Monthly household income, RMB (yuan)
< 4000	226 (53.3)	198 (46.7)	1.000	0.010
≥ 4000	209 (62.8)	124 (37.2)	0.677 (0.505-0.908)
Level of knowledge
Low	103 (74.6)	35 (25.4)	1.000	-
Moderate	136 (72.0)	53 (28.0)	1.147 (0.697-1.887)	0.590
High	196 (45.6)	234 (54.4)	3.513 (2.290-5.389)	< 0.001

¹Blood and feces test;

²Colonoscopy. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.