Epidemiological and clinical features of hepatitis B virus related liver failure in China

Table 1 Classification of alcohol intake

Classification	Male (g/d)	Female (g/d)
Low	< 50	< 25
Medium	50-100	25-50
High	> 100	> 50

Table 2 Characteristics of 1066 cases with hepatitis B virus related liver failure

Item	Group	n (%)
Gender	Male	901 (84.52)
	Female	165 (15.48)
Age (yr)	< 20	13 (1.22)
	20-29	192 (18.01)
	30-39	338 (31.71)
	40-49	305 (28.61)
	50-59	152 (14.26)
	> 60	66 (6.19)
Occupation	Farmer	345 (32.39)
	labor	327 (30.70)
	Soldier	225 (21.13)
	Office clerk	58 (5.45)
	Teacher	42 (3.94)
	Student	23 (2.16)
	Merchant	20 (1.88)
	Driver	11 (1.03)
	Doctor	9 (0.85)
	Nurse	3 (0.28)
	Painter	1 (0.09)
	Policeman	1 (0.09)
Ethnic groups	Han	1046 (98.12)
	Tujia	16 (1.50)
	Miao	3 (0.28)
	Gelao	1 (0.09)

Table 3 Inducement of chronic hepatitis B into severe hepatitis/liver failure

Inducement	n (cases)	Percentage (%)
Overlapping contagious virus infection	192	18.01
Overlapping hepatitis D virus infection	109	10.23
Overlapping hepatitis A virus infection	29	2.72
Overlapping hepatitis E virus infection	27	2.53
Overlapping hepatitis G virus infection	18	1.69
Overlapping hepatitis C virus infection	10	0.94
Drinking alcohol	87	8.16
Fatigue	56	5.25
Secondary infection	54	5.12
Gallbladder disease	38	3.56
History of dirty diet	10	0.94
Pregnancy	9	0.84
Medication damaging Liver	6	0.56
Hyperthyreosis	2	0.19
Uncertain inducement	612	57.41
One type of inducement	371	34.8
Two types of inducement	72	6.75
≥ Three types of inducement	11	1.03

Table 4 Clinical manifestations in patients with hepatitis B virus related liver failure

Clinical manifestations	n (cases)	Percentage (%)
Symptoms
Hypodynamia	417	41.62
Anorexia	407	40.62
Abdominal distension	224	22.18
Nausea and vomiting	215	21.04
Diarrhea	50	4.73
Physical signs
Liver palms	387	37.46
Jaundice	271	26.54
Spider nevus	228	21.86
Hypersplenotrophy	161	15.25
Hepatomegaly	158	14.85
Hepatic pain	150	14.18
Edema	126	12.27

Table 5 Laboratory data in patients with hepatitis B virus related liver failure

Laboratory indexes	Mean
ALT (IU/L)	272.51 ± 541.51
AST (IU/L)	262.13 ± 440.55
Glutamyltranspeptidase (IU/L)	91.24 ± 55.74
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)	187.41 ± 96.01
ALB (g/L)	32.08 ± 7.95
TBIL (μmol/L)	396.56 ± 190.52
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)	234.48 ± 100.75
PTA (%)	15.62 ± 12.98
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.35 ± 3.86
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	59.45 ± 970.09
Creatinine (μmol/L)	204.40 ± 613.78
AFP (ng/mL)	191.26 ± 221.36
HBV DNA (copies/mL)	4.3 ± 8.8 × 107

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; PTA: Prothrombin activity; AFP: α-fetoprotein; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 6 Complications in patients with hepatitis B virus related liver failure

Complications	n (cases)	Percentage (%)
Ascites	509	47.83
Hepatic encephalopathy	506	47.48
I level	34	3.86
II level	178	20.23
III level	122	13.86
IV level	172	19.55
Hernia of brain	29	2.72
Hydrocephalus	78	7.32
Hemorrhage of digestive tract	234	21.95
Hepatorenal syndrome	210	19.7
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	103	9.66
Infection	417	39.12
Electrolyte imbalance	141	13.23