Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children

Table 1 Summary of pH and multiple intraluminal impedance results before and after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement

Parameter	Pre-PEG	Post-PEG	P-value
Total GOR events	183	355
Median	17.50	39.50	0.047
Range	2-54	3-63
Total number of GOR events reaching uppermost channel 1	103	290
Median	9.00	27.00	0.022
Range	1-29	1-55
Total non-acid GOR events	156	182
Median	13.00	18.00	0.610
Range	2-49	3-38
Total acid GOR events	27	173
Median	1.00	13.00	0.028
Range	0-11	0-50
Bolus clearance time (s)
Median	13.45	13.00	0.445
Range	9-20	9-19
Height (channel)
Median	1.50	1.50	0.172
Range	1-3	1-2
Proximal pH
Median	5.70	5.15	0.058
Range	5-7	4-6
Distal pH
Median	5.30	4.20	0.050
Range	4-6	4-5
Proximal acid clearance time (s)
Median	17.00	20.10	0.715
Range	2-320	12-33
Distal acid clearance time (s)
Median	38.70	39.50	0.500
Range	10-130	26-92
Proximal reflux index (%)
Median	0.15	0.70	0.092
Range	0-0	0-11
Distal reflux index (%)
Median	0.25	2.95	0.032
Range	0-2	0-40

GOR: Gastro-oesophageal reflux; PEG: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Table 2 Individual results of pH and multiple intraluminal impedance results before percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement

Patient	Total GOR	Total GOR/h	Total non-acid GOR	Total non-acid GOR/h	Total acid GOR	Total acid GOR/h	Prox RI (%)	Dist RI (%)	Reflux events reaching ch 1
1	24	2.00	24	2.00	0	0.00	0.0	0.0	18
2	54	4.50	49	4.08	5	0.42	0.2	0.4	29
3	18	1.50	13	1.08	5	0.42	0.1	2.2	6
4	7	0.58	6	0.50	1	0.08	0.3	0.1	6
5	23	1.92	22	1.83	1	0.08	0.2	0.5	14
6	3	0.25	2	0.17	1	0.08	0.0	0.1	1
7	19	1.58	19	1.58	0	0.00	0.0	0.0	9
8	2	0.17	2	0.17	0	0.00	0.0	0.0	1
9	17	1.42	6	0.50	11	0.92	0.3	2.0	10
10	16	1.33	13	1.08	3	0.25	0.2	1.2	9

“Ch 1” refers to the most proximal impedance measurement and was located in the pharynx or most proximal 3 cm of oesophagus. GOR: Gastro-oesophageal reflux; RI: Reflux index.

Table 3 Individual results of pH and multiple intraluminal impedance results after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement

Patient	Total GOR	Total GOR/h	Total non-acid GOR	Total non-acid GOR/h	Total acid GOR	Total acid GOR/h	Prox RI (%)	Dist RI (%)	Reflux events reaching ch 1
1	57	4.8	7	0.58	50	4.17	10.6	39.9	55
2	48	4.0	38	3.17	10	0.83	2.4	3.2	41
3	63	5.3	25	2.08	38	3.17	1.2	5.6	42
4	14	1.2	11	0.92	3	0.25	0.1	0.4	12
5	3	0.3	3	0.25	0	0.00	0.0	0.0	1
6	33	2.8	17	1.42	16	1.33	0.2	3.6	20
7	46	3.8	27	2.25	19	1.58	0.1	2.0	34
8	49	4.1	19	1.58	30	2.50	6.7	10.1	47
9	21	1.8	21	1.75	0	0.00	0.0	0.0	18
10	21	1.8	14	1.17	7	0.58	1.5	2.7	20

“Ch 1” refers to the most proximal impedance measurement and was located in the pharynx or most proximal 3 cm of oesophagus. GOR: Gastro-oesophageal reflux; RI: Reflux index.