Limited water infusion decreases pain during minimally sedated colonoscopy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients undergoing colonoscopy (mean ± SD) n (%)

	Air group (n = 89)	Water group (n = 90)	P value
Male	51 (57.3)	49 (54.4)	0.7642
Age (yr)	58.3 ± 13.3	57.2 ± 13.3	0.6121
BMI (kg/m2)	24.0 ± 3.5	24.2 ± 3.5	0.6781
Previous abdomino-pelvic surgery	27 (36.0)	23 (30.7)	0.6042
Constipation	34 (38.2)	22 (24.4)	0.0542
Inpatients	5 (5.6)	3 (3.3)	0.4972
Indications			0.4822
Follow-up of polyps	34 (38.2)	29 (32.2)
Abdominal pain	5 (5.6)	9 (10.0)
Rectal bleeding	13 (14.6)	11 (12.2)
Stool occult blood	12 (13.5)	18 (20.0)
Change of bowel habit	16 (18.0)	18 (20.0)
Anemia	3 (3.4)	1 (1.1)
Loss of body weight	3 (3.4)	3 (3.3)
Other	3 (3.4)	1 (1.1)
Education level			0.9692
Primary school and less	21 (24.1)	21 (24.4)
High school	38 (42.7)	40 (44.4)
College and higher	30 (34.5)	29 (33.7)
Bowel cleansing regimens			0.1792
Sodium phosphate	41 (46.1)	51 (56.7)
Magnesium citrate-bisacodyl	48 (53.9)	39 (43.3)
Anxiety	3.0 ± 2.9	3.9 ± 2.9	0.1101
Antispasmodic agent use	72 (80.9)	75 (83.3)	0.7002
Colon preparation			0.2762
Good	49 (55.1)	60 (66.7)
Fair	25 (28.1)	18 (20.2)
Poor	15 (16.9)	12 (13.3)

¹Student’s t-test;

²χ² test. BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Outcomes of colonoscopy (mean ± SD) n (%)

	Air group(n = 89)	Water group(n = 90)	P value
No. of failed cecal intubations	1 (1.1)	1 (1.1)	1.0004
Cecal intubation time (min)	4.5 ± 2.4	6.4 ± 3.1	< 0.0013
Procedure time (min)	13.8 ± 5.6	14.5 ± 4.7	0.3333
Volume of water used (mL)	26.2 ± 39.4	322 ± 80.9	< 0.0013
Time of air insufflation during intubation (min)	4.5 ± 2.4	2.3 ± 2.6	< 0.0013
No. of cases requiring assistant-administered abdominal pressure	51 (57.3)	49 (54.4)	0.7644
No. of cases requiring change of position	24 (27.0)	17 (18.9)	0.2174
Patient pain score1	3.4 ± 2.8	2.5 ± 2.5	0.0213
No. of cases without pain	18 (20.2)	32 (35.6)	0.0304
Patient satisfaction score2	9.6 ± 0.8	9.6 ± 0.7	0.9803
No. of cases with polyps	52 (58.4)	44 (48.9)	0.2324
No. of cases with adenomas	31 (34.8)	32 (35.6)	1.0004

¹0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable;

²0 = not satisfied at all, 10 = completely satisfied;

³Student’s t-test;

⁴χ² test.