Nutrition support in surgical patients with colorectal cancer

Table 1 Nutrition risk screening

	Non-risk		P	At-risk		P
	NS	NNS		NS	NNS
Patient number	143	5		49	2
Diagnosis (colon / rectal cancer)	50/93	1/4		24/25	2/0
Gender (male/female)	63/80	2/3	0.893	30/19	2/0	0.088
Tumor stage1			0.066			0.358
Complications2	1.23 ± 0.60	2.40 ± 1.51	0.000	1.20 ± 0.45	1.50 ± 0.70	0.348
None (= 1)
Infection (= 2)
Fistula (= 3)
Others (= 4)
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	15.27 ± 5.89	23.00 ± 15.84	0.009	14.55 ± 4.11	14.50 ± 2.12	0.986
Cost of hospitalization (RMB Yuan)	43 469.88 ± 9961.67	35 825.00 ± 16 271.94	0.301	41 802.97 ± 13 300. 99	33 845.80 ± 8374.80	0.187
Postoperative outcome2	1.02 ± 0.16	1.00 ± 0.00	0.707	1.10 ± 0.30	1.50 ± 0.70	0.090

¹The tumor stage of the patients was judged according to the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual[8];

²Complications are defined as none = 1, infection = 2, fistula = 3, others = 4, and postoperative outcome as recovery = 1, no recovery = 2, death = 3, for easier statistical presentation of the results. NS: Nutrition support; NNS: Non-nutrition.

Table 2 Preoperative total parenteral nutrition in malnourished patients

	Group 1	Group 2	P
Patient number	2	3
Diagnosis (colon/rectal cancer)	2/0	1/2
Gender (male/female)	2/0	1/2	0.219
Tumor stage	1	2
Preoperative albumin (g/L)	36.30 ± 5.65	32.83 ± 9.00	0.669
Preoperative potassium (mmol/L)	4.53 ± 0.36	3.75 ± 0.92	0.352
Preoperative sodium (mmol/L)	138.45 ± 2.05	142.13 ± 3.40	0.274
Postoperative EN	2	0
Postoperative TPN	2	2
Postoperative TPN duration (d)	7.00 ± 1.41	3.66 ± 3.2	0.276
POD1a serum glucose (mmol/L)	6.91 ± 1.11	9.05 ± 3.65	0.498
POD1 albumin (g/L)	27.80 ± 3.11	26.13 ± 3.19	0.605
POD1 potassium (mmol/L)	4.49 ± 0.36	4.45 ± 0.78	0.953
POD1 sodium (mmol/L)	135.8 ± 3.11	137.66 ± 2.51	0.508
POD5a serum glucose (mmol/L)	6.29 ± 0.24	6.39 ± 2.88	0.968
POD5 albumin (g/L)	28.65 ± 5.16	32.33 ± 4.67	0.466
POD5 potassium (mmol/L)	4.67 ± 0.11	4.42 ± 0.12	0.115
POD5 sodium (mmol/L)	135.95 ± 1.34	135.93 ± 2.72	0.994
Complications			0.445
Postoperative hospital stay(d)	10.50 ± 4.94	13.00 ± 2.64	0.500
Cost of hospitalization (RMB)	62713.50 ± 5070.66	43178.00 ± 3596.68	0.014
Postoperative outcome			0.495

^aPOD1: Postoperative day 1; POD5: Postoperative day 5; EN: Enteral nutrition; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.

Table 3 Postoperative enteral nutrition and clinical outcome

	Group 1	Group 2	P
Patient number	25	174
Diagnosis (colon /rectal cancer)	8/17	66/108	0.568
Gender (male/female)	9/16	91/83	0.129
Tumor stage			0.777
NRS 2002 score	1.88 ± 0.88	1.96 ± 1.01	0.689
Postoperative fasting time (d)	5.16 ± 1.21	6.40 ± 1.84	0.001
Postoperative TPN	27	167	0.996
Complications	1.04 ± 0.20	1.29 ± 0.66	0.060
None (= 1)
Infection (= 2)
Fistula (= 3)
Others (= 4)
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	11.92 ± 4.34	15.77 ± 6.03	0.002
Cost of hospitalization (RMB)	44210.88 ± 7635.85	42060.09 ± 13066.15	0.752
Postoperative outcome	1.00 ± 0.00	1.06 ± 0.27	0.214
Recovery (= 1)
Unrecovery (= 2)
Dead (= 3)

Group 1: Patients who received enteral nutrition postoperatively; Group 2: Patients who did not receive enteral nutrition postoperatively. TPN: Total parenteral nutrition; NRS: Nutrition risk screening.

Table 4 Postoperative total parenteral nutrition duration

	Group 1	Group 2	P
Patient number	66	108
Diagnosis (colon/rectal cancer)	31/35	35/73
Gender (male/female)	32/34	59/49	0.434
Tumor stage			0.493
NRS 2002 score	1.92 ± 0.94	1.99 ± 1.05	0.676
Preoperative serum glucose (mmol/L)	6.10 ± 1.86	5.75 ± 1.17	0.134
Preoperative albumin (g/L)	38.47 ± 4.44	39.51 ± 6.37	0.249
Preoperative potassium (mmol/L)	3.98 ± 0.38	6.57 ± 1.84	0.270
Preoperative sodium (mmol/L)	140.98 ± 3.23	139.58 ± 14.1	0.435
POD1 serum glucose (mmol/L)	8.59 ± 3.39	7.37 ± 2.06	0.100
POD1 albumin (g/L)	32.24 ± 3.65	35.49 ± 4.11	0.725
POD1 potassium (mmol/L)	4.05 ± 0.44	3.99 ± 0.45	0.424
POD1 sodium (mmol/L)	136.35 ± 3.59	135.72 ± 14.50	0.763
POD5 serum glucose (mmol/L)	7.59 ± 3.57	6.48 ± 1.32	0.006
POD5 albumin (g/L)	31.79 ± 3.53	39.91 ± 3.66	0.063
POD5 potassium (mmol/L)	4.21 ± 0.50	4.16 ± 0.53	0.553
POD5 sodium (mmol/L)	136.5 ± 18.60	137.84 ± 2.81	0.348
Complications			0.533
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	15.59 ± 5.32	15.87 ± 6.45	0.761
Cost of hospitalization (RMB)	47724.14 ± 16945.17	38598.73 ± 8349.79	0.000
Postoperative outcome			0.166

Group 1: The duration of postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was not less than 7 d; Group 2: The duration of postoperative TPN was less than 7 d. NRS: Nutrition Risk Screening.

Table 5 Postoperative administration of omega-3 fatty acids

	Group 1	Group 2	P
Patient number	102	65
Diagnosis (colon /rectal cancer)	42/60	40/25
Gender (male/female)	49/53	45/38	0.089
Tumor stage			0.317
NRS 2002 score	1.94 ± 0.87	2.00 ± 1.15	0.710
Preoperative total lymphocyte count	1.80 ± 0.63	1.93 ± 0.59	0.186
POD1 total lymphocyte count	0.99 ± 0.34	1.11 ± 0.40	0.067
POD5 total lymphocyte count	1.26 ± 0.59	1.29 ± 0.35	0.660
Complications	1.33 ± 0.64	1.13 ± 0.49	0.041
None (= 1)
Infection (= 2)
Fistula (= 3)
Others (= 4)
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	16.04 ± 5.81	14.81 ± 4.29	0.159
Cost of hospitalization (RMB)	43936.75 ± 14260.31	39938.89 ± 10741.40	0.055
Postoperative outcome	1.09 ± 0.33	1.06 ± 0.27	0.055
Recovery (= 1)
Unrecovery (= 2)
Dead (= 3)

Group 1: Patients who received omega-3 fatty acids; Group 2: Patients who did not receive omega-3 fatty acids.