Gastroesophageal reflux in cirrhotic patients without esophageal varices

Table 1 Results of esophageal manometry in liver cirrhosis patients and controls (mean ± SD)

Group	LESP (mmHg)	PA (mmHg)	PD (s)	PV (cm/s)
Liver cirrhosis (n = 78)	15.32 ± 2.91a	61.41 ± 10.52a	5.32 ± 1.22a	5.22 ± 1.11a
Child A (n = 28)	16.18 ± 2.81	70.52 ± 8.93a	3.91 ± 1.03a	4.56 ± 1.22a
Child B (n = 27)	15.41 ± 3.13c	67.4 ± 9.3c	5.11 ± 1.21c	5.10 ± 1.02c
Child C (n = 23)	14.52 ± 2.91e	56.13 ± 10.06e	6.02 ± 1.23e	5.91 ± 1.01e
Control (n =30)	16.21 ± 5.33	74.41 ± 17.53	2.70 ± 0.81	3.71 ± 1.82

^aCompared with control, P < 0.05;

^cCompared with Child A, P < 0.05;

^eCompared with Child B, P < 0.05. LESP: Lower esophageal sphincter pressure; PA: Peristaltic amplitude; PD: Peristaltic duration; PV: Peristaltic velocity.

Table 2 Results of ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring in liver cirrhosis patients and controls (mean ± SD)

Group	Number of acid reflux episodes	Number of acid reflux episodes lasting≥5 min	Mean time pH < 4 (%)
			Total	Upright	Supine
Liver cirrhosis (n = 78)	61.17 ± 33.35a	15.25 ± 5.73a	10.34 ± 4.45a	5.22 ± 2.71a	9.56 ± 3.42a
Child A (n = 28)	51.24 ± 20.54a	10.66 ± 7.28a	8.11 ± 2.32a	4.48 ± 1.76a	7.32 ± 5.44a
Child B (n = 27)	60.35 ± 18.66c	12.35 ± 9.83c	10.51 ± 1.62c	5.64 ± 1.31c	9.14 ± 4.37c
Child C (n = 23)	73.52 ± 28.63e	17.34 ± 12.46e	12.34 ± 2.15e	6.79 ± 1.51e	11.56 ± 5.43e
Child D (n = 30)	39.62 ± 29.32	4.81 ± 2.04	2.35 ± 1.53	3.58 ± 1.34	8.69 ± 3.45

^aCompared with control, P < 0.05;

^cCompared with Child A, P < 0.05;

^eCompared with Child B, P < 0.05.

Table 3 Results of ambulatory 24-h esophageal bilirubin monitoring in liver cirrhosis patients and controls (mean ± SD)

Group	Number of bile reflux episodes	Number of bile reflux episodes lasting≥5 min	Mean time Abs > 0.14 (%)
			Total	Upright	Supine
Liver cirrhosis (n = 78)	36.53 ± 9.31a	4.09 ± 1.15a	6.73 ± 1.15a	3.32 ± 1.05a	4.37 ± 1.44a
Child A (n = 28)	27.32 ± 10.31a	3.85 ± 1.34a	5.12 ± 1.45a	3.15 ± 0.92a	4.12 ± 0.97a
Child B (n = 27)	39.46 ± 18.31c	4.11 ± 1.65c	6.54 ± 1.21c	3.37 ± 1.13c	5.04 ± 1.11c
Child C (n = 23)	48.54 ± 26.41e	4.23 ± 2.14e	7.32 ± 1.34e	4.28 ± 1.22e	5.52 ± 1.12e
Control (n = 30)	12.76 ± 6.97	2.15 ± 1.36	1.98 ± 0.86	1.03 ± 0.23	0.83 ± 0.62

^aCompared with control, P < 0.05;

^cCompared with Child A, P < 0.05;

^eCompared with Child B, P < 0.05. Abs: Aborbance.

Table 4 Relationship between liver function classification of cirrhotic patients and gastroesophageal reflux disease n (%)

Group	RE	Abnormal reflux
Child A (n = 28)	8 (28.57)	12 (42.86)
Child B (n = 27)	11 (40.74)	15 (55.56)
Child C (n = 23)	10 (43.48)	16 (69.57)
Total (n = 78)	29 (37.18)	43 (55.13)

RE: Reflux esophagitis.

Table 5 Abnormal reflux in liver cirrhosis patients

Group	Isolated abnormal acid reflux	Isolated abnormal bile reflux	Mixed abnormal reflux	No abnormal reflux
Child A (n = 28)	4	3	5	16
Child B (n = 27)	3	4	8	12
Child C (n = 23)	3	4	9	7
Total (n = 78)	10 (12.82%)	11 (14.10%)	22 (28.21%)	35 (44.87%)