Influence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C outcomes

Table 1 Studies assessing the effect of occult hepatitis B infection on liver histology, clinical outcomes and effect on the sustained virological response rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Author and references	Type of study	Population of HCV infected	OBI	Method of HBV-DNA detection	Geographic area	Effect on histology and/or clinical outcomes	Effect on CHC SVR
Cacciola et al[2]	Cross-sectional	n = 200	33.0%	Nested PCR	Italy	Increased cirrhosis	Less sustained virological response rate
Sagnelli et al[7]	Cross-sectional	n = 89	41.6%	PCR	Italy	No effect on histology	Not reported
Chen et al[9]	Cross-sectional	n = 126	4.8%	bDNA assay	Taiwan	No effect on histology	No effect on sustained virological response
Mrani et al[10]	Cross-sectional	n = 203	23.0%	Real-time PCR	France	Increased proportion of patients with inflammatory activity and liver fibrosis	Less sustained virological response rate
Adachi et al[11]	Longitudinal	n = 123	11.4%	Real-time PCR	Japan	Increased risk of HCC in patients with HBcAb (+) but not in patients with DNA-HBV +	Not reported
	F-U
Fabris et al[12]	Cross-sectional	n = 51	1.9% of HBV-DNA in sera and 29.4% in liver	Nested PCR	Italy	No effect on aminotransferases, HCV-RNA titre or liver histology	No effect on sustained virological response
Hui et al[25]	Retrospective	n = 74	41.9%	Real-time PCR	USA	No effect on fibrosis progression	Not reported
Kannangai et al[26]	Cross-sectional	n = 15	12% IgM HBc	Real-time PCR	USA	Increased proportion of flares in patients with OBI	Not reported
Shetty et al[31]	Prospective	n = 50	50% in explant livers and 29.4% in serum	Real-time PCR	USA	Increased prevalence of HCC	Not reported
Ikeda et al[30]	Multicenter prospective-observational	n = 872	46.3% HBcAb (+)	DNA probe assay	Japan	Increased risk of HCC in HbcAb (+)	Less sustained virological response rate
		F-U 846
Matsuoka et al[28]	Prospective	n = 468	43.6% in serum	Nested-PCR	Japan	Increased inflammation and increased risk of HCC	Not reported
Tamori et al[32]	Retrospective	n = 16 and a control group; n = 50	50% in liver	Nested-PCR in liver	Japan	Increased rate of OBI in chronic hepatitis C patients with SVR who subsequently developed HCC	Not reported
Hasegawa et al[35]	Retrospective	n = 140	7.9%	Real-time PCR	Japan	No effect on HCC risk	No effect on sustained virological response
Levast et al[36]	Retrospective	n = 140	0% in sera	Real-time PCR	France	No effect on histology	No effect on sustained virological response
			4.4% in liver tissue

OBI: Occult hepatitis B infection; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; SVR: Sustained virological response; CHC: Chronic hepatitis C; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; F-U: Follow up.