Significance and relationship between Cripto-1 and p-STAT3 expression in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions

Table 1 Expression of CR-1 protein in normal gastric mucosa, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and GC

Groups	n	CR-1 expression				+→+++ (%)	χ²	P
		-	+	++	+++
Normal mucosa	95	54	23	11	7	43.2	8.394/25.813	< 0.039a/< 0.001b
CAG	40	14	11	12	3	65.0	4.214/4.192	0.239c/0.242d
IM	48	8	18	19	3	83.3	9.169	0.027e
DYS	25	5	13	6	1	80.0	13.051/4.135	0.005f/0.246g
GC	178	51	63	38	26	71.3	21.236/3.347	< 0.001h/0.341i

^aNormal mucosa vs CAG;

^bNormal mucosa vs IM;

^cCAG vs IM;

^dCAG vs DYS;

^eIM vs GC;

^fNormal mucosa vs DYS;

^gDYS vs GC;

^hNormal mucosa vs GC;

ⁱCAG vs GC. CR-1: Cripto-1; GC: Gastric cancer; CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; DYS: Dysplasia.

Table 2 Expression of p-STAT3 protein in normal gastric mucosa, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric carcinoma

Groups	n	p-STAT3 expression				+→+++ (%)	χ²	P
		-	+	++	+++
Normal mucosa	95	56	25	11	3	41.1	18.405	0.012ab/< 0.001c
CAG	40	16	22	2	0	60.0		0.113ad/0.003ae
IM	48	11	28	6	3	77.1	6.604	0.087f
DYS	25	8	7	8	2	68.0	6.259	0.022ag/0.103h
GC	178	71	69	23	15	60.1	10.322/7.220	0.016i/0.065j

^aFisher’s exact test;

^bNormal mucosa vs CAG;

^cNormal mucosa vs IM;

^dCAG vs IM;

^eCAG vs DYS;

^fIM vs GC;

^gNormal mucosa vs DYS;

^hDYS vs GC;

ⁱNormal mucosa vs GC;

^jCAG vs GC.

Table 3 Correlation between CR-1 expression and clinicopathological features of GC

Groups	n	Cripto-1 expression				+→+++ (%)	χ²	P
		-	+	++	+++
Gender							4.052	0.269
Female	57	11	24	14	8	80.7
Male	121	40	39	24	18	66.9
Age (yr)							2.920	0.417
≤ 61	90	22	33	23	12	75.6
> 61	88	29	30	15	14	67.0
Borrmann type								0.1951
Bor I type	4	0	3	0	1	100
Bor II type	22	6	9	7	0	72.7
Bor III type	140	41	48	27	24	70.7
Bor IV type	12	4	3	4	1	66.7
WHO’s histological types								< 0.0011
Papillary. ade.	2	0	1	1	0	100
Well-diff. ade.	9	3	2	2	2	66.7	17.872	< 0.0012
Moderately-diff. ade.	65	8	28	11	18	87.7
Poorly-diff. ade.	74	27	27	16	4	63.5
Undiff. ade.	3	0	1	2	0	100
Mucinous ade.	19	11	3	3	2	42.1
SRC	6	2	1	3	0	66.7
Lauren’s types							28.523	< 0.001
Intestinal type	74	11	29	14	20	68.4	19.566	< 0.0013
Diffused type	85	29	31	21	4	65.9
Mixed type	19	11	3	3	2	42.1
Lymph node metastasis							12.394	0.006
No	49	23	14	9	3	53.1
Yes	129	28	49	29	23	78.3

¹Fisher’s exact test;

²Well-Moderately-diff. vs Poorly-diff. ade;

³Intestinal type vs Diffused type. ade.: Adenocarcinomas; diff.: Differentiated; SRC: Signet ring cell carcinoma.

Table 4 Correlation between p-STAT3 expression and clinicopathological features of GC

Groups	n	P-STAT3 expression				+→+++ (%)	χ²	P
		-	+	++	+++
Gender							3.091	0.391
Female	57	18	27	7	5	68.4
Male	121	53	42	16	10	56.2
Age (yr)							2.177	0.544
≤ 61	90	37	35	13	5	58.9
> 61	88	34	34	10	10	61.4
Borrmann type								0.9091
Bor I type	4	1	2	0	1	75.0
Bor II type	22	11	8	2	1	61.2
Bor III type	140	55	53	20	12	60.7
Bor IV type	12	4	6	1	1	66.7
WHO’s histological types								0. 1001
Papillary. ade.	2	0	0	0	2	100
Well-diff. ade.	9	4	4	0	1	55.6
Moderately-diff. ade.	65	23	23	10	9	64.5
Poorly-diff. ade.	74	35	29	7	3	52.7
Undiff. ade.	3	1	2	0	0	66.7
Mucinous ade.	19	7	8	4	0	63.2
SRC	6	1	3	2	0	83.3
Lauren’s types							11.417	0.076
Intestinal type	74	27	26	9	12	63.5
Diffused type	85	37	35	10	3	56.5
Mixed type	19	7	8	4	0	63.2
Lymph node metastasis							9.632	0.021
No	49	28	16	3	2	42.9
Yes	129	43	53	20	13	66.7

¹Fisher’s exact test.

Table 5 Relationship between CR-1 and p-STAT3 expression in GC

Cripto-1 expression	p-STAT3 expression				Total
	-	+	++	+++
-	24	21	6	0	51
+	28	22	9	4	63
++	13	17	3	5	38
+++	6	9	5	6	26
Total	71	69	23	15	178

r_k = 0.189, P = 0.002.