Pulmonary involvement in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Characteristics of the control and patient groups with inflammatory bowel disease

	UC	CD	Controls
n	30	9	20
Sex (M/F)	22/8	1/8	10/10
Mean age (yr)	43 ± 3	46 ± 2	39.50 ± 12.47
Smoking (smoker/never/ex-smoker)	4/22/4	-	-
Duration and range of bowel disease (yr) (mean ± SD)	3 ± 0.5 (0-9)	3 ± 0.5 (0.5-4)
Respiratory symptom (present/absent)	9/21	1/8	0/20
Disease activity (active/remission)	14/16	5/4

UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease.

Table 2 Findings on high-resolution computed tomography in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Findings on HRCT	n
Normal	14
Peribronchial thickness	15
Bronchiectasis	2
Ground-glass opacity	8
Emphysema	9
Air cysts	1
Reticulonodular opacity	1

HRCT: High-resolution computed tomography.

Table 3 Correlations of pulmonary function tests with inflammatory bowel disease and controls

	UC (n = 30)	CD (n = 9)	Controls (n = 20)
FEV1	86.87 ± 15.09a	85.89 ± 13.75	95.75 ± 11.56
FVC	88.37 ± 15.80	93.22 ± 8.90	96.40 ± 10.00
FEV1/FVC	79.67 ± 8.98a	78.56 ± 11.11	84.15 ± 4.21
FEF 25%-75%	73.93 ± 21.38	64.89 ± 21.23a	85.00 ± 11.85
DLCO	96.43 ± 12.84a	90.67 ± 19.88a	103.5 ± 11.90
DLCO/VA	104.83 ± 16.99	93.00 ± 17.85a	112.95 ± 10.22

^aP < 0.05 vs control group statistically significant. UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: Forced vital capacity; FEF: Forced expiratory flow; DLCO: Transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide; VA: Alveolar volume.

Table 4 Correlation of pulmonary function tests between endoscopically and clinically active Crohn’s disease with controls

	Endoscopically active (n = 5) inactive(n = 4)		Clinically active (n = 4) inactive (n = 5)		Control (n = 20)
FEV1	82 ± 12.28	90.75 ± 7.04	81.25 ± 19.50	89.60 ± 7.37	95.75 ± 11.56
FVC	91.20 ± 7.33	95.75 ± 11.15	92.25 ± 7.68	94.00 ± 10.61	96.40 ± 10.00
FEV1/FVC	75.80 ± 14.60	82 ± 4.08	74.25 ± 16.38	82 ± 3.54	84.15 ± 4.21
FEF 25%-75%	61.80 ± 28.84	68.75 ± 7.54	58.50 ± 32.07	70 ± 7.52	85 ± 11.85ac
DLCO	91.20 ± 15.83	90 ± 26.81	103 ± 13.64	80.80 ± 19.42	103.5 ± 11.90c
DLCO/VA	95.40 ± 20.38	90 ± 16.55	102.25 ± 16.15	85.60 ± 16.95	112.95 ± 10.22ac

^aP < 0.05 comparison between active and control groups statistically significant;

^cP < 0.05 comparison between inactive and control groups statistically significant. FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: Forced vital capacity; FEF: Forced expiratory flow; DLCO: Transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide; VA: Alveolar volume.

Table 5 Correlation of pulmonary function tests between endoscopically and clinically active ulcerative colitis with controls

	Clinically active (n = 15) inactive (n = 15)		Endoscopically active (n = 20) inactive (n = 10)		Control (n = 20)
FEV1	86.53 ± 13.15	87.20 ± 17.28	78.10 ± 19.58	91.25 ± 10.26c	95.75 ± 11.56a
FVC	91.60 ± 14.07	85.13 ± 17.22	86.70 ± 16.49	89.20 ± 15.81	96.40 ± 10.00
FEV1/FVC	78.07 ± 6.22	81.27 ± 11.08	72.70 ± 10.95	83.15 ± 5.28c	84.15 ± 4.21a
FEF 25%-75%	67.73 ± 19.00	80.13 ± 22.43c	53.80 ± 22.30	84 ± 11.93c	85 ± 11.85ae
DLCO	97.93 ± 12.88	94.93 ± 13.07	96 ± 13.42	96.65 ± 12.89	103.5 ± 11.90e
DLCO/VA	107.67 ± 14.25	102 ± 19.44	106.50 ± 17.28	104 ± 17.24	112.95 ± 10.22e

^aP < 0.05 comparison between active and control groups statistically significant;

^cP < 0.05 comparison between active and inactive groups statistically significant;

^eP < 0.05 comparison between inactive and control groups statistically significant. FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: Forced vital capacity; FEF: Forced expiratory flow; DLCO: Transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide; VA: Alveolar volume.