Pancreatic function, quality of life and costs at long-term follow-up after acute pancreatitis

Table 1 Patient characteristics and parameters during the acute care for pancreatitis, divided into mild and severe acute pancreatitis cases

Parameter	Mild acute pancreatitis	Severe acute pancreatitis	All patients	Difference between groups (P)
Gender, male	10	6	16	0.79
Etiology
Gallstone	16 (62)	4 (29)	20 (50)	0.096
Alcohol	5 (19)	5 (36)	10 (25)	0.278
Post ERCP	0	3 (21)	3 (8)	0.037
Unknown	5 (19)	2 (14)	7 (18)	1.0
Other diseases	13 (50)	5 (36)	18 (45)	0.39
ASA class1	1.5 (1-2)	1 (1-1.75)	1 (1-2)	0.14
APACHE II1	6 (5-7)	7 (6-10)	6 (5-7)	0.012
Weight loss	13 (50)	11 (79)	24 (60)	0.079
Weight loss in kg1	5 (1.5-6)	9 (7-10)	6.4 ± 4.7	0.003
			6 (3-9)
Pancreatic surgery	0	4 (29)	4 (10)	0.004
Pancreatic pseudocysts	0	7 (50)	7 (18)	< 0.001
Hospital stay in days1	7.5 (4-9)	18 (16-24)	10 (6-16)	< 0.001
ICU stay	0	8 (57)	8 (20)	< 0.001

Values are median and in parentheses are percentages or

¹interquartile range. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 2 Patient characteristics and parameters at follow-up after mild and severe acute pancreatitis

Parameter	Mild acute pancreatitis	Severe acute pancreatitis	All patients	Difference between groups (P)
Time to follow-up (mo)	41 (35-50)	47 (37-63)	42 (36-53)	0.14
Age (yr)	61 (51-70)	58 (45-67)	61 (48-68)	0.72
BMI (kg/m2)	27 (25-32)	29 (26-31)	28 (26-31)	0.82
ASA	2 (1-2)	1 (1-2)	1.5 (1-2)	0.68
Serum pancreas amylase (μkat/L)	0.45 (0.37-0.53)	0.27 (0.18-0.43)	0.043 (0.27-0.52)	0.007
P-ALAT (μkat/L)	0.30 (0.23-0.47)	0.39 (0.33-0.54)	0.34 (0.29-0.50)	0.035
Sick leave days	14 (7-30)	120 (70-165)	30 (14-97)	< 0.001
Time to activity (d)	10.5 (0-21)	90 (60-365)	21 (2-60)	< 0.001
Time to recovery (d)	21 (14-60)	270 (180-1)	60 (14-365)	0.005

¹Less than 75% of the patients had recovered at time of follow-up. Values are given as median (interquartile range). BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; P-ALAT: Plasma alanine aminotransferase.

Table 3 Endocrine parameters in patients classified as having diabetes according to the World Health Organization definition and patients not fulfilling the criteria

Parameter	Diabetic patients (n = 9)	Non-diabetic patients (n = 30)	Difference between groups (P)
Fasting plasma glucose, 0 min1	6.9 (6.0-7.3)	5.1 (4.6-5.5)	< 0.001
Plasma glucose 120 min1	13 (12-14)	6.8 (5.5-8.2)	< 0.001
Plasma C-peptide 0 min2	1.7 (1.3-2)	0.72 (0.6-1.0)	< 0.001
Plasma C-peptide 120 min2	4.8 (4.1-5.9)	2.9 (2.2-4.4)	0.024
Serum insulin 0 min3	16 (13-17)	6 (4-9)	0.001
Serum insulin 120 min3	103 (79-126)	42 (28-60)	0.001
HOMA-insulin resistance	4.2 (3.7-5.4)	1.3 (0.9-2.2)	< 0.001
HBA1c	5.3 (5.0- 5.6)	4.6 (4.5-4.8)	< 0.001

¹mmol/L;

²nmol/L;

³mIE/L; Values are given in median (interquartile range). HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment; HBA1c: Fasting glycosylated hemoglobin.