Inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms increase the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia

Table 1 Parameters of patients with or without progression n (%)

	No progression group (n = 137)	Group I (n = 134)	P value	Group II (n = 101)	P value
Age (yr)
≤ 40	32 (23.4)	45 (33.6)a	0.045	35 (34.7)b	0.027
40-50	76 (55.5)	60 (44.8)		42 (41.6)
≥ 50	29 (21.1)	29 (21.6)	0.330	24 (23.7)	0.200
mean ± SD	44.2 ± 0.7	43.8 ± 0.6		46.7 ± 0.7
Sex			0.600		0.260
Male	59 (43.1)	62 (45.9)		51 (50.5)
Female	78 (56.9)	72 (54.1)		50 (49.5)
H. pylori infection			< 0.001		0.100
Negative	59 (43.1)	30 (22.4)		33 (32.7)
Positive	78 (56.9)	104 (77.6)c		68 (67.3)

^aP = 0.045 vs patients at the age of 40-50 years (χ² = 4.04);

^bP = 0.027 vs patients at the age of 40-50 years (χ² = 4.87);

^cP < 0.001 vs patients with no progression (χ² = 13.13). H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Cytokine genotype frequencies in patients with or without progression n (%)

	No progression group (n = 137)	Group I (n = 134)	Group II (n = 101)
IL-8-251
TT	59 (43.1)	39 (29.1)	25 (24.8)
TA	64 (46.7)	70 (52.2)	65 (64.4)
AA	14 (10.2)	25 (18.7)	11 (10.9)
MIF-173
GG	100 (73.0)	71 (53.0)	62 (60.4)
GC	34 (24.8)	54 (40.3)	29 (28.7)
CC	3 (2.2)	9 (6.7)	10 (10.9)

IL-8: Interleukin-8; MIF: Migration inhibitory factor. GC: Gastric cancer.

Table 3 Relation between cytokine gene polymorphisms and development of precursory lesions of GC n (%)

Genotype	Group I (n = 134) OR (95% CI)	Group II (n = 101) OR (95% CI)
IL-8-251
TT	1.00	1.00
TA	1.64 (0.96-2.79)	2.27 (1.25-4.14)
AA	2.62 (1.23-5.72)	1.20 (0.76-1.90)
TA + AA	1.81 (1.06-3.09)	2.07 (1.16-3.69)
MIF-173
GG	1.00	1.00
GC	2.36 (1.38-4.02)	1.50 (0.57-3.94)
CC	1.92 (0.95-3.87)	2.27 (1.16-4.46)
GC + CC	2.07 (1.21-3.55)	3.84 (1.58-9.34)

OR and 95% CI were calculated by logistic regression, with no progression group as a reference group and adjusted for age, sex. OR: Odds ratio.

Table 4 Risk of SCAG in patients with IL-8-251 and MIF-173 genotypes and H. pylori infection

H. pylori infection	IL-8-251 genotype				MIF-173 genotype
	TT	OR (95% CI)1	TA + AA	OR (95% CI)1	GG	OR (95% CI)1	C carriers	OR (95% CI)1
Negative	5/22	1.00	25/37	2.34 (0.95-2.83)	17/40	1.00	13/19	1.60 (0.64-3.97)
Positive	34/34	3.28 (1.09-9.78)	70/44	6.70 (1.29-9.78)	54/60	2.11 (1.07-4.13)	50/18	6.54 (2.97-14.20)

¹OR and 95% CI were calculated by logistic regression, with no progression group as a reference group and adjusted for age, sex. SCAG: Severe chronic atrophic gastritis.

Table 5 Relation between risk of IM and MIF-173 genotypes infection

H. pylori infection	MIF-173 genotype
	GG1	OR (95% CI)2	C carriers1	OR (95% CI)2
Negative	19/40	1.00	14/19	1.55 (0.63-3.72)
Positive	43/60	1.51 (0.76-2.94)	25/18	2.93 (1.28-6.60)

¹Group II/No progression, “Group II” means lesions were progressed from normal or superficial gastritis to IM after follow up;

²OR and 95% CI were calculated by logistic regression, with no progression group as a reference group and adjusted for age, sex.