Effectiveness of narrow-band imaging magnification for invasion depth in early colorectal cancer

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of evaluated colorectal lesions

	m/sm-s	sm-d
Lesions (n = 112)	69	43
Gender (male/female)	42/27	24/19
Age (range, yr)	63.2 (37-79)	62.5 (32-80)
Location
Right colon	29	15
Left colon	18	12
Rectum	22	16
Morphology1
Ip/Is/Isp	21	18
IIa/IIa + IIc/IIc	10	16
LST-G	20	5
LST-NG	18	4
Mean size (range, mm)	32.3 (10-100)	24.4 (10-90)

¹Update on the Paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesion in the digestive tract[36]. LST-G: Laterally spreading tumor-granuler type; LST-NG: Laterally spreading tumour-non granular type; m/sm-s: Mucosal/submucosal superficial; sm-d: Submucosal-deep.

Table 2 Microvascular architecture & invasion depth

Variables			Univariate analysis P-value1	Multivariate analysis
				P-value1	Odds ratio	95% CI
		Non-dense/dense
Vessel density	m/sm-s	1/68	< 0.001	0.001	402.5	12.4-13 133.1
	sm-d	33/10
		Negative/positive
Vessel regularity	m/sm-s	8/61	< 0.001	0.038	15.9	1.2-219.1
	sm-d	38/5
		Negative/positive
Caliber regularity	m/sm-s	44/25	< 0.001	0.056	17.3	0.9-323.4
	sm-d	42/1
		Short/long
Vessel length	m/sm-s	20/49	< 0.001	0.161	0.2	0.01-2.10
	sm-d	37/6
		Positive/negative
Meandering	m/sm-s	49/20	0.002	0.110	0.1	0.01-1.60
	sm-d	41/2
		Wide/narrow
Caliber	m/sm-s	62/7	NS
	sm-d	41/2

¹χ² or Fisher’s test. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Assessment of the carcinomatous invasion depth based on microvascular architecture

Microvascular architecture	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	PPV (95% CI)	NPV (95% CI)	Accuracy (%)
Vessel density	33/43	68/69	0.97 (0.85-0.99)	0.87 (0.78-0.94)	90.2
Non-dense	0.77 (0.61-0.88)	0.99 (0.92-0.99)
Vessel regularity	38/43	61/69	0.83 (0.69-0.92)	0.92 (0.83-0.97)	88.4
Negative	0.88 (0.75-0.96)	0.88 (0.78-0.95)
Caliber regularity	42/43	25/69	0.49 (0.38-0.60)	0.96 (0.80-0.99)	59.8
Negative	0.98 (0.88-0.99)	0.36 (0.25-0.49)
Vessel length	37/43	49/69	0.65 (0.51-0.77)	0.89 (0.78-0.96)	76.8
Short	0.86 (0.84-0.99)	0.71 (0.59-0.81)
Meandering	41/43	20/69	0.46 (0.35-0.56)	0.91 (0.71-0.99)	54.5
Positive	0.95 (0.84-0.99)	0.29 (0.19-0.41)
Caliber	41/43	7/69	0.40 (0.30-0.50)	0.78 (0.40-0.97)	42.9
Wide	0.95 (0.84-0.99)	0.10 (0.04-0.20)

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.

Table 4 Assessment of the carcinomatous invasion depth: comparison between microvascular architecture & pit pattern analysis

Microvascular architecture	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	PPV (95% CI)	NPV (95% CI)	Accuracy (%)
Non-dense vessel density and/or negative vessel regularity	38/43	60/69	0.81 (0.67-0.91)	0.92 (0.83-0.97)	87.5
	0.88 (0.75-0.96)	0.87 (0.77-0.94)
Non-dense vessel density and negative vessel regularity	35/43	69/69	1.00 (0.90-1.00)	0.90 (0.81-0.95)	92.9
	0.81 (0.67-0.92)	1.00 (0.95-1.00)
Pit pattern (Invasive pattern)	37/43	68/69	0.97 (0.86-0.99)	0.92 (0.83-0.97)	93.8
	0.86 (0.72-0.95)	0.99 (0.92-0.99)