Capecitabine treatment patterns in patients with gastroesophageal cancer in the United States

Table 1 Definition of complications

Complication	ICD-9-CM	Procedure codes	Treatment
Anemia	281.xx, 283.xx, 284.xx, 285.xx
Alopecia	704.0x, A9282
Asthenia	780.7x	HCPCS codes G9029-G9032
Constipation	546.0x		Therapeutic class 150-156
Cough	786.2x, 786.3x, 786.4x		Therapeutic class 128, 131
Dehydration	276.50, 276.51
Dermatitis	693.0x, 693.8x, 693.9x
Diarrhea	007.xx, 009.x, 787.91		Therapeutic class 148
Esophagitis	530.1x
Fever	780.6x
Gastritis	535.xx
Headache	784.0x
Infection	001.xx-018.xx, 030.xx-041.xx, 045.xx-057.xx,		Therapeutic class 2-20
	070.xx-079.xx,
	110.xx-118.xx, 130.xx-136.xx, 480.xx-486.xx, 995.91, 995.92
Insomnia	780.51, 780.52		Therapeutic class 74, Eszopiclone, Zaleplon, Zolpidem Tartrate
Mucositis	528.0x, 528.1x , 528.2x, 528.3x, 528.6, 529.0x, 054.2x
Nausea and vomiting	787.0x,	CPT codes G9022, G9023, G9024, or	Therapeutic class 160
		HCPCS codes for antiemetics
Neutropenia	288.0x	HCPCS codes for neutropenia treatment
Night sweats	780.8x
Weight loss	783.2x, 783.0x
Complications of vascular access devices	999.3x, 996.62, 996.74, 512.0x, 512.1x, 512.8x, 287.4x

Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics¹ of eligible patients with GEC by index treatment regimen (mean ± SD) n (%)

	5-FU (n = 257)	CAP (n = 105)	5-FU combination (n = 344)	CAP combination (n = 76)	Any 5-FU (n = 540)	Any CAP (n = 166)	Total (n = 1013)1
Demographics2
Female	180 (70.0)	77 (73.3)	264 (76.7)	61 (80.3)	395 (73.2)	127 (76.5)	746 (73.6)
Mean age (yr)	63.2 (12.1)	63.6 (12.4)	60.3 (11.6)	60.4 (12.0)	61.7 (11.9)	63.0 (12.3)	62.6 (11.8)
Covered by Medicare	127 (49.4)	50 (47.6)	126 (36.6)	30 (39.5)	231 (42.8)	78 (47.0)	465 (45.9)
Residing in urban area	202 (78.6)	83 (79.1)	259 (75.3)	64 (84.2)	416 (77.0)	136 (81.9)	784 (77.4)
Clinical characteristics3
CCI	5.5 (3.2)	5.9 (3.0)	4.9 (3.0)	5.1 (3.1)	5.1 (3.1)	5.5 (3.0)	5.2 (3.1)
CDS	4.2 (3.5)	4.5 (3.7)	4.6 (3.4)	4.3 (3.5)	4.4 (3.4)	4.6 (3.6)	4.6 (3.5)
Metastatic disease4	161 (62.7)	55 (52.4)	248 (72.1)	47 (61.8)	364 (67.4)	97 (58.4)	675 (66.6)
Previous treatment
Surgery	125 (48.6)	27 (25.7)	46 (13.4)	11 (14.5)	154 (28.5)	34 (20.5)	239 (23.6)
Radiotherapy	115 (44.8)	25 (23.8)	162 (47.1)	15 (19.7)	252 (46.7)	40 (24.1)	410 (40.5)
Baseline expenditure ($)5	5479 (4730)	4965 (6277)	4598 (5019)	4178 (4005)	5014 (5061)	4607 (5573)	4763 (5193)

Marketscan Commercial and Medicare Databases: 2000-2005. CAP: Capecitabine.

¹One patient may receive multiple regimens; therefore, the sum of patients in each episode will exceed the total number of study-eligible patients;

²Demographics measured on the date the first study-eligible chemotherapy was administered;

³Clinical characteristics measured in the 6 mo before the first study-eligible chemotherapy, unless otherwise specified;

⁴Measured using all available data prior to episode onset;

⁵Mean per month over 6 mo pre-index.

Table 3 Distribution of patients by chemotherapy regimen and treatment setting ¹n (%)

Chemotherapy regimen	Neoadjuvant (n = 84)	Adjuvant (n = 213)	First-line (n = 743)	Second-line (n = 354)	Any setting (n = 1013)
All 5-FU-based regimens	51 (60.7)	140 (65.7)	319 (42.9)	139 (39.3)	540 (53.5)
5-FU monotherapy	16 (19.0)	104 (48.8)	89 (12.0)	68 (19.2)	257 (25.4)
5-FU + platinum	24 (28.6)	19 (8.9)	104 (14.0)	25 (7.1)	163 (16.1)
5-FU + platinum + non-platinum	14 (16.7)	18 (8.5)	96 (12.9)	31 (8.8)	145 (14.3)
5-FU + non-platinum	2 (2.4)	5 (2.3)	30 (4.0)	40 (11.3)	73 (7.2)
Capecitabine-based regimens	4 (4.8)	24 (11.3)	90 (12.1)	72 (20.3)	166 (16.4)
Capecitabine monotherapy	2 (2.4)	18 (8.5)	50 (6.7)	42 (11.9)	105 (10.4)
Capecitabine + platinum	2 (2.4)	1 (0.5)	11 (1.5)	8 (2.3)	19 (1.9)
Capecitabine + platinum + non-platinum	0 (0.0)	6 (2.8)	16 (2.2)	11 (3.1)	31 (3.1)
Capecitabine + non-platinum	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)	13 (1.7)	19 (5.4)	32 (3.2)

¹Patients may be treated with multiple regimens in more than one treatment setting. Accordingly, percentages may exceed 100%.

Table 4 Frequency of complications (rate per 1000 person-months) in patients with GEC, by treatment regimen

Complication	5-FU monotherapy	Capecitabine monotherapy	5-FU combination therapy	Capecitabine combination therapy	Any 5-FU regimen	Any capecitabine regimen
Bone marrow	233	110	349	205	307	151
Constitutional symptom	254	108	323	295	293	183
Gastrointestinal tract symptoms	465	183	577	284	529	224
Infection	199	114	268	150	238	131
Skin complications	0	0	2	0	1	0
Other	14	14	22	32	19	22
Any complication	764	336	835	460	806	387