Treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction with endoscopically placed self-expandable metal stents

Table 1 Outcomes and complications of endoscopic stent placement

Author, yr	No. of patients	Stent used	Technical success (%)	Clinical outcome (%)	Complications, early/late
Cho et al[13], 2009	75	Hanaro and Niti-S, covered and uncovered	98	87	3 (1 pneumonia, 1 perforation, 1 stent kinking)/35 (23 ingrowth, 2 overgrowth, 8 migration, 2 food impactions)
Nassif et al[9], 2003	63	Wallstent (36), Choostent (32)	95	92	9 (1 perforation, 8 stent dysfunction)/18 (1 perforation, 13 obstruction, 4 migration)
Maetani et al[20], 2009	60	Uncovered (31) and covered (29) Ultraflex	100	90.3 (uncovered), 86.2 (covered)	2 (mild pancreatitis)/10 (4 obstructions, 2 migrations, 2 stent fractures, 1 perforation, 1 bleed)
Kim et al[14], 2007	53	NiTi-S Pyloric	100	81.1	5 (tumor ingrowth)/12 (9 tumor ingrowth, 1 tumor overgrowth, 2 migration)
Phillips et al[21], 2008	46	Wallstent (40), Alimaxx (4), Bard (2)	100	91	5 (2 stent migration, 2 delayed-onset obstructive symptoms, 1 stent fracture)/2 (1 duodenal perforation, 1 aortoenteric fistula)
Lopes et al[16], 2008	44	Choostent (14 uncovered, 1 covered), Hanarostent (21 uncovered, 1 covered), uncovered Wallstent (21)	100	Not measured	6 (1 perforation, 1 migration, 3 obstructions, 1 hemorrhage)/11 (8 obstructions, 2 migrations, 1 fistula)
Mosler et al[8], 2005	36	Gianturco Z-stent, Ultraflex, Endocoil, enteral Wallstent	92	75	3 (2 stent migrations, 1 impaction)/13 (5 migrations, 4 tumor ingrowth, 2 erosion/perforation, 2 impactions)