Endotoxin receptor CD14 gene variants and histological features in chronic HCV infection

Table 1 Epidemiological characteristics of chronic hepatitis C patients with regard to CD14 rs2569190 genotype (UMG group)

	n	CD14 rs2569190 genotype				MAF	P
		CC	CT	TT	P
Total number (%)	137	30 (21.9)	70 (51.1)	37 (27)	0.8651	0.526
Gender (Female/male)	60/77	11/19	36/34	13/24	0.2142	0.517/0.532	0.7953
Age (mean ± SD)		46.5 ± 13.1	45.3 ± 10.8	39.6 ± 12.5	0.008a
HCV subtype
1a	31	7 (22.6)	17 (54.8)	7 (22.6)
1b	73	18 (24.7)	38 (52.0)	17 (23.3)		0.500
1a + 1b	6	1 (16.7)	3 (50.0)	2 (33.3)
					0.073b		0.0873
2a	1	0	0	1 (100.0)
2b	4	2 (50.0)	1 (25.0)	1 (25.0)		0.630
3a	22	2 (16.7)	11 (50.0)	9 (33.3)

MAF: Minor allele frequency.

¹Exact test for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium;

²C carriers vs TT (χ² test);

³χ² test was applied;

^aC carriers vs TT (independent samples t-test);

^bC carriers vs TT, HCV type 1 vs non-type 1 infections (χ² test).

Table 2 Epidemiological characteristics of chronic hepatitis C patients with regard to CD14 rs2569190 genotype (Hep-Net group)

	n	CD14 rs2569190 genotype				MAF	P
		CC	CT	TT	P
Total number (%)	349	109 (31.2)	170 (48.7)	70 (20.1)	0.8281	0.444
Gender (Female/male)	148/201	47/62	66/104	35/35	0.151a	0.459/0.433	0.4842
Age (mean ± SD)		47.2 ± 13.5	44.6 ± 13.6	46.5 ± 13.3	0.616b

¹Exact test for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium;

²χ² test was applied;

^aC carriers vs TT (χ² test);

^bC carriers vs TT (independent samples t-test).

Table 3 Biochemical serum parameters and the number of patients with elevated parameters in chronic hepatitis C with regard to CD14 rs2569190 genotype (UMG group)

	CD14 rs2569190 genotype				MAF	2P
	CC	CT	TT	2P
AST (median, IQR)	21.0, 15.8-50.5	28.5, 17.0-52.3	32.0, 16.5-76.5
1Number of patients with elevated/normal AST	9/21	29/41	19/18	0.159a	0.588/0.481	0.082
ALT (median, IQR)	36.0, 25.8-85.5	46.5, 26.8-87.3	50.0, 34.5-153.5
1Number of patients with elevated/normal ALT	11/19	38/32	23/14	0.171a	0.583/0.462	0.044
γ-GT (median, IQR)	35.5, 13.8-58.8	27.0, 14.0-56.3	32.0, 15.5-53.5
1Number of patients with elevated/normal γ-GT	10/20	19/51	11/26	0.934a	0.513/0.531	0.781

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase. Upper normal limit is 19 U/mL for males, and 15 U/mL for females; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase. Upper normal limit is 23 U/mL for males, and 19 U/mL for females; γ-GT: γ-glutamyltransferase. Upper normal limit is 28 U/mL for males, and 18 U/mL for females; IQR: Inter-quartile range.

¹Markedly elevated serum activities of transaminases (> two-fold the upper normal limit) were considered;

²χ² test was applied;

^aC carriers vs TT. After stratification by age, all P-values were non-significant.

Table 4 Histological features in chronic hepatitis C-infected patients with regard to CD14 rs2569190 genotype (UMG group) n (%)

Histological features	CD14 rs2569190 genotype				MAF	aP
	CC	CT	TT	aP
Hepatitis activity
Mild	19 (25.0)	40 (52.6)	17 (22.4)	0.172b	0.487	0.152
Moderate	10 (19.2)	24 (46.2)	18 (34.6)		0.574
Severe	1 (11.1)	6 (66.7)	2 (22.2)
Fibrosis
Absent	7 (38.9)	6 (33.3)	5 (27.8)	0.758b	0.517	0.727
Mild	14 (20.6)	35 (51.5)	19 (27.9)
Moderate	5 (19.2)	15 (57.7)	6 (23.1)
Marked	3 (21.4)	7 (50.0)	4 (28.6)		0.539
Cirrhosis	1 (9.1)	7 (63.6)	3 (27.3)
Steatosis
Absent	14 (23.3)	28 (46.7)	18 (30.0)	0.695b	0.528	0.887
Mild	10 (20.8)	26 (54.2)	12 (25.0)
Moderate	5 (26.3)	10 (52.6)	4 (21.1)		0.517
Marked	1 (10.0)	6 (60.0)	3 (30.0)
Portal lymphoid aggregates
Absent	22 (26.2)	46 (54.8)	16 (19.1)	0.008b	0.464	0.011
Present	8 (15.1)	24 (45.3)	21 (39.6)		0.623
Bile duct damage
Absent	21 (23.6)	46 (51.7)	22 (24.7)	0.411b	0.506	0.368
Present	9 (18.8)	24 (50.0)	15 (31.3)		0.563

^aχ² test was applied to compare mild vs moderate and severe hepatitis activity, absent, mild vs moderate and marked fibrosis and cirrhosis, and absent, mild vs moderate and marked steatosis;

^bC carriers vs TT.

Table 5 Hepatitis activity (grading) and fibrosis (staging) in chronic hepatitis C-infected patients with regard to CD14 rs2569190 genotype (Hep-Net group) n (%)

	CD14 rs2569190 genotype				MAF	aP
	CC	CT	TT	aP
Hepatitis activity
Mild	19 (27.1)	35 (50.0)	16 (22.9)		0.479
Moderate	73 (32.2)	113 (49.8)	41 (18.1)	0.513b	0.435	0.359
Severe	17 (32.7)	22 (42.3)	13 (25.0)
Fibrosis
Absent	4 (57.1)	2 (28.6)	1 (14.3)		0.449
Mild	35 (28.9)	61 (50.4)	25 (20.7)
Moderate	44 (32.8)	63 (47.0)	27 (20.2)	0.928b		0.837
Marked	18 (27.7)	37 (56.9)	10 (15.4)		0.441
Cirrhosis	8 (36.4)	7 (31.8)	7 (31.8)

^aχ² test was applied to compare mild vs moderate and severe hepatitis activity, absent, mild vs moderate and marked fibrosis and cirrhosis;

^bC carriers vs TT.