Sequential use of transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneous cryosurgery for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Clinical features of patients undergoing sequential TACE-cryosurgery or cryosurgery-alone n (%)

Clinical features	Sequential group (n = 290)	Cryo-alone group (n = 130)	P
Age (median)	46	41
Sex (M/F)	212/78	98/32	0.623
Child-Pugh A	91 (31.4)	42 (32.3)	0.850
Child-Pugh B	199 (68.6)	88 (67.7)	0.850
Tumors
1	132 (45.5)	85 (57.7)	0.001
2	84 (28.9)	38 (25.4)
3	32 (11.0)	6 (10.0)
> 3	42 (14.5)	1 ( 6.9)
Largest diameter of tumors
Range (cm)	4.5-15.0	3.1-7.0
mean ± SD (cm)	6.5 ± 3.1	4.6 ± 3.2	0.04
Tumor > 10 cm	69 (23.8)	0

Table 2 Survival rate of patients after sequential TACE-cryoablation or cryo-alone groups (%)

	Patients (n = 420)	Sequential group (n = 290)	Cryo-alone group (n = 130)	P
Local recurrence	17	11	24	0.001
Survival rate
1-yr	72	71	73	0.668
2-yr	57	61	54	0.147
3-yr	47	52	42	0.064
4-yr	39	49	29	0.001
5-yr	31	39	23	0.001

Table 3 Complication between sequential TACE-cryosurgery and cryo-alone groups n (%)

	Patients (n = 420)	TACE-cryosurgery (n = 290)	Cryo-alone (n = 130)	P
Hepatic bleeding	16 (3.8)	5 (1.7)	11 (8.5)	0.001
Liver crack	2 (0.5)	0	2 (1.5)
Thrombocytopenia and/or clotting dysfunction	30 (7.1)	21 (7.2)	9 (6.9)	0.907
Liver failure	16 (3.8)	12 (4.1)	4 (3.1)	0.599
Acute renal failure with myoglobinuria	3 (0.7)	2 (0.7)	1 (0.7)
Agranulocytosis	4 (0.9)	4 (1.4)	0
Pneumonia	25 (0.6)	17 (5.9)	8 (6.2)	0.907
Total	101 (24.0)	61 (21.0)	40 (30.7)	0.184