Peptic ulcer and childhood adversities experienced by working-aged people

Table 1 Kappa coefficients of responses between questionnaires in 1998 and 2003

	κ (95% CI)
	Peptic ulcer	No peptic ulcer
Parents divorced	0.94 (0.91-0.98)	0.90 (0.89-0.91)
Long-lasting financial difficulties in the family	0.72 (0.64-0.79)	0.74 (0.73-0.76)
Serious conflicts in the family	0.71 (0.64-0.78)	0.72 (0.71-0.74)
Often afraid of some member of the family	0.64 (0.55-0.73)	0.71 (0.69-0.72)
Someone in the family seriously or chronically ill	0.55 (0.47-0.63)	0.62 (0.61-0.64)
Someone in the family had problems with alcohol	0.82 (0.76-0.87)	0.84 (0.83-0.85)

Table 2 Occurrence of childhood adversities among peptic ulcer patients and controls

	Peptic ulcer (n = 604-673, %)	No peptic ulcer (n = 15 545-17 188, %)	Difference (%-units)	P value
Long-lasting financial difficulties in the family	45.2	26.8	18.4	< 0.001
Someone in the family seriously or chronically ill	42.3	26.6	15.7	< 0.001
Serious conflicts in the family	32.7	27.2	5.5	0.003
Someone in the family had problems with alcohol	30.2	25.1	5.1	0.003
Often afraid of some member of the family	19.6	13.4	6.2	< 0.001
Parents divorced	18.0	16.0	2.0	0.173

Table 3 Age distribution and occurrence of risk factors among peptic ulcer patients and controls

	Women			Men
	Peptic ulcer (n = 344-362, %)	No peptic ulcer (n = 10 233-10 975, %)	P value	Peptic ulcer (n = 326-350, %)	No peptic ulcer (n = 5970-6667, %)	P value
Age group (yr)
25-29	8.5	28.7		4.0	22.6
35-39	19.5	23.4		8.5	23.2
45-49	25.3	24.3		26.8	25.2
55-59	46.7	23.6		60.7	29.0
Smoking
Current smoking, ≥ 5 cigarettes daily	29.7	16.6	< 0.001	37.7	22.8	< 0.001
Heavy drinking
> 175 g alcohol/wk	5.0	3.8	0.253
> 263 g alcohol/wk				10.3	7.7	0.080
Stress
Reeder points ≥ 12	32.9	20.9	< 0.001	32.8	22.8	< 0.001
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
At least 2 mo during the last year	33.2	16.2	< 0.001	21.9	9.3	< 0.001

Table 4 Childhood adversities in the multivariate logistic analysis for peptic ulcer

	OR (95% CI)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Long-lasting financial difficulties in the family	2.01 (1.71-2.38)	1.90 (1.60-2.26)	1.88 (1.58-2.23)	1.77 (1.48-2.11)	1.73 (1.45-2.07)
Someone in the family seriously or chronically ill	1.67 (1.42-1.96)	1.66 (1.41-1.96)	1.64 (1.39-1.94)	1.59 (1.34-1.88)	1.53 (1.29-1.82)
Serious conflicts in the family	1.47 (1.23-1.75)	1.33 (1.11-1.60)	1.33 (1.11-1.60)	1.24 (1.03-1.50)	1.22 (1.01-1.47)
Someone in the family had problems with alcohol	1.45 (1.22-1.72)	1.37 (1.14-1.63)	1.36 (1.14-1.62)	1.30 (1.09-1.56)	1.27 (1.06-1.52)
Often afraid of some member of the family	1.61 (1.32-1.97)	1.46 (1.18-1.81)	1.44 (1.16-1.78)	1.31 (1.05-1.62)	1.26 (1.01-1.57)
Parents divorced	1.60 (1.30-1.97)	1.40 (1.13-1.74)	1.40 (1.13-1.74)	1.37 (1.10-1.71)	1.37 (1.10-1.71)

Model 1: Age- and sex-adjusted; Model 2: Age- and sex-adjusted and also adjusted for smoking; Model 3: Age- and sex-adjusted and also adjusted for smoking and heavy drinking; Model 4: Age- and sex-adjusted and also adjusted for smoking, heavy drinking and stress; Model 5: Age- and sex-adjusted and also adjusted for smoking, heavy drinking, stress and NSAID use (at least 2 mo during the last year).