Helicobacter pylori infection and endocrine disorders: Is there a link?

Table 1 Endocrine disorders in relationship with H pylori infection

Endocrine disorders
Autoimmune thyroid diseases
Autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Thyroid mucosal associated lymphocyte tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Diabetes mellitus
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
Osteoporosis
Primary hyperparathyroidism

Table 2 Endocrine disorders and eradication of H pylori

Endocrine disorders	H pylori eradication
Autoimmune thyroid diseases	↓ of thyroid auto-antibodies[64]
	↓ of thyrotropin in H pylori+ve patients treated with T4[69]
Diabetes mellitus	↓ in diabetics more than in non-diabetics[2030–32]
	↓ in type I diabetic patients on standard triple therapy more than non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects, regardless of the dosage and/or the duration of therapy[203132]
Dyslipidemia	↑ of HDL-c, apo-AI and apo-AII levels in patients with duodenal ulcers, after 1 year[86]
	↑ of HDL-c and ↓ LDL-c levels in healthy subjects[78]
	↓ of total cholesterol and LDL-c after 6 mo in H pylori+ve controls and H pylori+ve patients with stroke[70]
	↔ of lipids in patients submitted for endoscopy[84]
	↑ of total cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with peptic ulcer disease[4647] or without[87]
Obesity	↑ of BMI in patients with peptic ulcer disease[4647]
	↑ of the appetite of asymptomatic patients, due to ↑ of plasma ghrelin[48] and ↓ of leptin levels[4950]
	↔ of plasma ghrelin levels in subjects referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy[4457]

BMI: Body mass index; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; apo-AI: Apolipoprotein AI; apo-AII: Apolipoprotein AII; LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; +ve: Positive.