Polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 and esophageal cancer risk in Southeast Chinese males

Table 1 Background characteristics of cases and their controls

	Controls n (%)	Cases n (%)	χ2 MH	P
Age (yr)
<50	10 (4.53)	8 (4.19)
50-59	57(25.79)	60 (31.41)
60-69	98 (44.34)	80 (41.88)
> 70	56 (25.34)	43 (22.52)	0.91	0.341
Total	221	191
Income (yuan/year per person)
Ten years before	2097	3040		< 0.01
Recent years	3629	4746		< 0.01
Drinking status
Non-drinker	96 (43.44)	94 (49.21)
Drinker	125 (56.56)	97 (50.79)	1.38	0.24
Smoking status
Non-smoker	70 (31.67)	58 (30.37)
Smoker	151 (68.33)	133 (69.63)	0.78	0.08

Table 2 ORs and their 95% CIs for esophageal cancer with reference to ALDH2 and ADH2 polymorphisms

	Controls n (%)	Cases n (%)	OR1 (CI)	OR2 (CI)
ALDH2 genotype
G/G	90 (40.73)	114 (59.69)	1.00	1.00
G/A	89 (40.27)	66 (34.55)	1.71 (1.10-2.66)	1.70 (1.08-2.68)
A/A	42 (19.00)	11 (5.96)	4.84 (2.25-10.61)	5.69 (2.51-12.18)
G/A+A/A	131 (59.27)	77 (40.51)	2.15 (1.43-3.26)	2.19 (1.43-3.34)
ADH2 genotype
A/A	106 (47.96)	108 (56.54)	1.00	1.00
A/G	96 (43.44)	75 (39.27)	1.30 (0.85-1.99)	1.21 (0.79-1.86)
G/G	19 (8.60)	8 (4.19)	2.42 (1.02-5.77)	2.78 (1.06-7.29)
A/G+G/G	115 (52.04)	83 (43.46)	1.41 (0.96-2.08)	1.34 (0.89-2.04)
Allele frequencies
ALDH2
G	269 (60.86)	294 (76.96)	1.00
A	173 (39.14)	88 (23.04)	2.15 (1.57-2.95)
ADH2
A	308 (69.68)	291 (76.18)	1.00
G	134 (30.32)	91 (23.82)	1.39 (1.01-1.92)

¹Crude OR;

²Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for income.

Table 3 Interaction between ALDH2 and ADH2 genotype and the ORs for esophageal cancer

ADH2	ALDH2	Cases	Controls	OR1 (95% CI)	OR2 (95% CI)
A/A	G/G	44	68	1.00	1.00
G/A+G/G	G/G	46	46	1.55 (0.89-2.70)	1.46 (0.79-2.70)
A/A	G/A	40	33	1.87 (1.03-3.40)	1.93 (0.99-3.75)
G/A+G/G	G/A	49	33	2.29 (1.28-4.11)	2.10 (1.13-3.91)
A/A	A/A	22	7	4.98 (1.91-12.33)	5.28 (1.88-14.83)
G/A+G/G	A/A	20	4	7.73 (2.48-24.13)	12.22 (2.62-56.91)

¹Crude OR;

²ORs were adjusted for income.

Table 4 Analysis of ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and risk of esophageal cancer with reference to drinking habits

Genotypes		Non-drinker			Drinker
		Cases	Controls	OR1 (95% CI)	Cases	Controls	OR1 (95% CI)
ALDH2
G/G		26	42	1.00	64	72	1.00
G/A		43	44	1.29 (0.65-2.55)	46	22	2.47 (1.27-4.82)
A/A		27	8	4.67 (1.63-13.38)	15	3	8.63 (2.07-35.95)
G/A+A/A		70	52	1.78 (0.94-3.37)	61	25	3.08 (1.65-5.78)
ADH2
A/A		50	53	1.00	56	55	1.00
G/A		42	38	1.31 (0.70-2.46)	54	37	1.18 (0.64-2.16)
G/G		4	3	2.10 (0.35-12.54)	15	5	2.90 (0.85-9.90)
G/A+G/G		46	41	1.37 (0.74-2.54)	69	42	1.36 (0.76-2.43)
ALDH2	ADH2
G/G	A/A	10	28	1.00	34	40	2.02 (0.79-5.17)
G/A+A/A	G/A+G/G	30	27	2.84 (1.10-7.31)	39	10	8.36 (2.98-23.46)

¹ORs were adjusted for income.

Table 5 Interaction between alcohol drinking and ALDH2 genotype and the ORs for esophageal cancer

Genotype1	Drinker2	Cases	Controls	OR1 (95% CI)
-	-	26	42	1.00
-	+	64	72	0.92 (0.48-1.78)
+	-	70	52	1.78 (0.94-3.37)
+	+	61	25	3.05 (1.49-6.25)

¹-: ALDH2G/G; +: ALDH2G/A and A/A; ORs were adjusted for income;

²-: Non-drinker; +: Drinker.