Local anesthesia with ropivacaine for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 1 Demographic data of 72 patients undergoing LC with and without local anesthesia infusion at the port site

	Control (n = 36)	LA (n = 36)	P
Age (yr)	48.4 ± 13.0	50.6 ± 12.4	0.461
Gender (M:F)	13:23	6:30	0.061
Previous abdominal operation history (+)	10 (27.8)	11 (30.6)	0.795
Associated disease (+)	16 (44.4)	12 (33.3)	0.334
Diagnosis			0.991
Gall stone	25 (69.4)	26 (72.2)
Gall stone and AC	3 (8.3)	3 (8.3)
Gall stone and CC	6 (16.7)	5 (13.9)
Gall bladder polyp	2 (5.6)	2 (5.6)
ASA grade	1.7 ± 0.6	1.5 ± 0.6	0.106
Operation time (min)	84.7 ± 31.3	78.5 ± 33.1	0.417
Blood loss (cc)	35.9 ± 84.8	32.4 ± 58.2	0.688
Conversion rate	0	0	NA
Post-operative drain	3 (8.3)	4 (11.1)	0.691
Morbidity rate	0	0	NA
Mortality rate	0	0	NA
Hospital stay (d)	2.8 ± 2.7	1.1 ± 0.3	0.001

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; M: Male; F: Female; AC: Acute cholecystitis; CC: Chronic cholecystitis; NA: Not available.

Table 2 Laboratory data of 72 patients undergoing LC with and without local anesthesia infusion at the port site (mean ± SD)

	Control (n = 36)	LA (n = 36)	P
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.4 ± 1.8	14.1 ± 1.7	0.634
WBC (/&mgr;L)	7317.1 ± 2898.6	6617.3 ± 2226.8	0.681
BUN (mg/dL)	14.7 ± 8.5	14.1 ± 3.4	0.634
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.1 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.1	0.130
Bilirubin (direct) (mg/dL)	0.27 ± 0.14	0.26 ± 0.14	0.713
Bilirubin (total) (mg/dL)	0.87 ± 0.77	0.66 ± 0.32	0.158
AST (IU/L)	29.8 ± 31.7	21.9 ± 18.8	0.206
ALT (IU/L)	36.9 ± 48.8	26.8 ± 25.1	0.269
ALP (IU/L)	86.2 ± 88.4	74.1 ± 38.8	0.422

BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase.

Table 3 Difference in pain scale and analgesia use of 72 patients undergoing LC (control versus local anesthesia) (mean ± SD)

	Control (n = 36)	LA (n = 36)	P
Pain analogue scale
1-h post LC	6.8 ± 2.2	5.6 ± 2.0	0.021
6-h post LC	4.5 ± 1.7	3.9 ± 1.5	0.112
24-h post LC	2.7 ± 1.5	2.1 ± 1.1	0.039
Discharge post LC	1.7 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.6	0.020
Meperidine requirement (mg)
1-h post LC	25.9 ± 21.3	13.0 ± 16.8	0.006
6-h post LC	22.9 ± 21.3	16.2 ± 26.5	0.347
24-h post LC	11.4 ± 30.0	5.4 ± 19.7	0.314
Discharge post LC	5.7 ± 26.5	0	0.211
Total amount	65.9 ± 79.7	34.6 ± 37.8	0.040
Acetaminophen requirement (500 mg/tablet)
1-h post LC	0.06 ± 0.24	0.05 ± 0.23	0.955
6-h post LC	0.60 ± 0.74	0.32 ± 0.58	0.081
24-h post LC	0.57 ± 0.92	0.54 ± 0.80	0.879
Discharge post LC	0.20 ± 0.53	0.03 ± 0.16	0.073
Total amount	1.43 ± 1.56	0.95 ± 1.13	0.139