Interleukin-1 and TNF-α polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori in a Brazilian Amazon population

Table 1 Epidemiological characteristics of the control group and patients n (%)

Demographic data	Control	Gastritis	DU	GU	AC
	n= 100	n= 80	n= 33	n= 34	n= 30
Age (yr)
> 50	31	26 (32)	11 (33)	12 (35)	21 (70)
< 50	69	54 (68)	22 (67)	22 (65)	9 (30)
P value		NS	NS	NS	0.00
Sex
Male	57	39 (49)	19 (58)	21 (62)	19 (63)
Female	43	41 (51)	14 (42)	13 (38)	11 (37)
P value		NS	NS	NS	NS
IgG-anti H pylori
Positive	61	74 (92)	30 (91)	33 (97)	29 (97)
Negative	39	6 (8)	3 (9)	1 (3)	1 (3)
P value		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
anti-CagA IgG (HP+)
Positive	38	53 (66)	29 (97)	31 (94)	28 (97)
Negative	23	21 (34)	1 (3)	2 (6)	1 (3)
P value		NS	0.00	0.00	0.00

DU: Duodenal ulcer; GU: Gastric ulcer; AC: Adenogastric carcinoma; G Test: Control versus disease; NS: Not significant.

Table 2 Comparison of genotype frequencies for the polymorphisms of IL-1β genes studied with results of other studies in different ethnic and population groups n (%)

Genotypes	Pará (Brazil)	Minas Gerais (Brazil)	Caucasians	Asians
IL-1β-31
TT	9	102 (35.8)1	7 (12)2	7 (4)4
TC	23	138 (48.4)	21 (36)	34 (20)
CC	68	45 (15.8)	30 (52)	128 (76)
P value	Reference	0.001	NS	NS
IL-1β-511
CC	31	108 (37.9)1	29 (50)2	34 (20)4
CT	46	137 (48.1)	21 (36)	97 (57)
TT	23	40 (14)	8 (14)	38 (23)
P value	Reference	NS	NS	NS
IL-1RN
11	58	175 (61.4)1	37 (64)2	163 (96)4
12	36	92 (32.3)	14 (24)	4 (3)
22	6	18 (6.3)	17 (10)	2 (1)
P value	Reference	NS	NS	0.001
TNF-α-308
GG	86	223 (78.3)1	152 (72)3	274 (91.3)5
GA	13	54 (18.9)	52 (25)	24 (8)
AA	1	8 (2.8)	6 (3)	2 (0.7)
P value	Reference	NS	0.025	NS

G Test: Our study versus other papers.

¹Queiroz et al[25] 2004;

²El-Omar et al[7] 2000;

³El-Omar et al[24] 2003;

⁴Zeng et al[23] 2003;

⁵Yea et al[11] 2001. NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Distribution of genotypes for IL-1β (-511 and -31), IL-1RN and TNF-α in the control group and in patients with gastrointestinal pathologies n (%)

Genotypes	Control	Gastritis	DU	GU	AC
	n= 100	n= 80	n= 33	n= 34	n= 30
IL-1β-31
T/T	9	3 (4)	1 (3)	2 (6)	1 (4)
C/T	23	21 (26)	9 (27)	7 (20)	4 (13)
C/C	68	56 (70)	23 (70)	25 (74)	25 (83)
P value		NS	NS	NS	NS
IL-1β-511
C/C	31	26 (33)	9 (27)	10 (29)	6 (20)
C/T	46	34 (42)	13 (39)	14 (41)	11 (37)
T/T	23	20 (25)	11 (34)	10 (30)	13 (43)
P value		NS	NS	NS	NS
IL-1RN
1/1	58	41 (51)	15 (46)	11 (32)	10 (33)
1/2	36	34 (43)	16 (49)	21 (62)	19 (63)
2/2	6	5 (6)	2 (6)	2 (6)	1 (4)
P value		NS	NS	0.00	0.00
TNF-α
G/G	86	62 (77)	23 (70)	29 (85)	24 (80)
G/A	13	16 (20)	8 (24)	4 (12)	5 (16)
A/A	1	2 (3)	2 (6)	1 (3)	1 (4)
P value		NS	NS	NS	NS

DU: Duodenal ulcer; GU: Gastric ulcer; AC: Adenogastric carcinoma; G Test: Control versus disease; NS: Not significant.

Table 4 Combined risk of polymorphism in the IL1-RN gene and IgG CagA antibody for development of gastric ulcers and adenogastric carcinoma

IL1-RN	CagA	Control	GU	ORa (95% IC)	P	AC	ORb (95% IC)	P
1/1	(-)	15 (24%)	2 (6%)	Ref.	-	1 (4%)	Ref.	-
2* carrier	(-)	8 (13%)	2 (6%)	1.875c	0.983	1 (4%)	1.875c	0.735
1/1	(+)	21 (35%)	9 (27%)	3.214 (0.605-17.063)	0.289	8 (30%)	5.714 (0.644-50.648)	0.185
2* carrier	(+)	17 (28%)	20 (61%)	8.823 (1.762-44.181)	0.008	19 (62%)	16.764 (1.997-140.707)	0.004
Total		61	33			29

GU: Gastric ulcer; AC: Adenogastric carcinoma.

^aControl x GU;

^bControl x AC;

^cThe confidence interval was not calculated, since, n₁p₁q₁ < 5 or n₂p₂q₂ < 5.

Table 5 Association of polymorphism for IL-RN gene and anti-CagA antibodies with histopathological findings from patients

IL1-RN	CagA	DI		OR (95% CI)	P	NA		OR (95% CI)	P	Metaplasia		OR (95% CI)	P
		1	2 and 3			1	2 and 3			+	-
1/1	(-)	13	2	-	-	12	3	-	-	1	14	-	-
2* carrier	(-)	9	1	0.722a	0.706	8	2	1a	0.609	2	8	3.5a	0.706
1/1	(+)	24	34	9.2 00 (1.90-44.606)	0.004	26	32	4.923 (1.254-19.314)	0.032	17	41	5.804 (0.706-47.693)	0.139
2* carrier	(+)	20	63	20.475 (4.253-98.556)	0.001	23	60	10.434 (2.695-40.388)	0.003	35	58	8.448 (1.064-67.065)	0.038

DI: Degree of inflammation; NA: Neutrophilic activity. Histopathological parameters: 1: Light; 2: Moderate; 3: Intense.

^aThe confidence interval was not calculated, since, n₁p₁q₁ < 5 or n₂p₂q₂ < 5.