Risk factors affecting pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Pancreatic fistula rate based on clinical factors

Factors		Number of patients (%)	Leakage (%)	P value
Age (yr)	≥ 60	115 (66.9)	25 (21.7)	0.016
	< 60	57 (32.1)	5 (8.8)
Gender	Male	116 (67.4)	19 (16.4)	0.606
	Female	56 (32.6)	11 (19.6)
Type of anastomosis	Duct-to-mucosa	133 (77.3)	22 (16.5)	0.582
	End-to-end	39 (22.7)	8 (19.6)
Pancreatic stent	Yes	58 (33.7)	11 (19.0)	0.712
	No	114 (66.3)	19 (16.7)
Texture of remnant pancreas	Hard	61 (58.5)	7 (16.3)	0.392
	Soft	43 (41.5)	7 (23.0)
Pancreatic duct size	Dilated	60 (44.1)	4 (6.6)	0.001
	Non-dilated	76 (55.9)	21 (27.6)
Pre-op bilirubin	≥ 1.3 mg/dL	92 (54.5)	15 (16.3)	0.674
	< 1.3 mg/dL	80 (46.5)	15 (18.8)
Pre-op albumin	≥ 3.1 g/dL	138 (80.2)	23 (16.7)	0.607
	< 3.1 g/dL	34 (19.8)	7 (20.6)
Pre-op WBC	≥ 10 000/mm3	29 (16.9)	7 (24.1)	0.349
	< 10 000/mm3	143 (83.1)	23 (16.1)

Table 2 Pancreatic fistula based on histopathologic diagnosis

Name of disease	Number of patients (%)	Leakage (%)
Pancreatic head cancer	37 (21.5)	6 (16.2)
CBD cancer	46 (26.7)	8 (17.4)
Ampulla of Vater cancer	34 (19.8)	8 (23.5)
Duodenal cancer	10 (5.8)	1 (10.0)
Chronic pancreatitis	6 (3.5)	0 (0)
Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor	9 (5.2)	3 (33.2)
Gastric cancer	22 (12.8)	2 (9.1)
GB cancer	4 (2.3)	1 (25)
Trauma	4 (2.3)	1 (25)