Rubber band ligation for 750 cases of symptomatic hemorrhoids out of 2200 cases

Table 1 Demographic and clinical data for patients n (%)

Variables	Number of patients
Age (yr)	39.13 ± 4.75 (15-90)
Sex
Male	627 (82.8)
Female	123 (17.2)
Cirrhotic patients	64 (8.53)
Child A	23
Child B	15
Child C	6
Grade of haemorrhoid
G2	582 (77.6)
G3	168 (22.4)
Clinical presentation
Bleeding	612 (81.6)
Prolapse	496 (66.13)
Constipation	267 (35.6)
Pruritus	64 (8.53)
Pain	30 (4)

Table 2 Early results of RBL in 750 patients n (%)

Results	Total	Grade II	Grade III	P
Cured	650 (86.66)	522 (89.7)	128 (76.19)	0.31
Improvement	46 (6.13)	24 (4.12)	22 (13.09)	0.23
Failure	54 (7.2)	36 (6.18)	18 (10.7)	0.16
Total	750	582	168

Table 3 Long term results and follow up of patients with RBL

Results	Patients	Re-examined	Asymp-tomatic	Symp-tomatic	Surgery	RBL
Cured	650	610	572	38	30	8
Improvement	46	33		33	18	15
Failure	54	-	-	-	-	-
Total	750	643	572	71	48	23

Table 4 Patients with recurrence

	No. of patients (%)
Initial grade
Grade II (582)	49 (8.42)
Grade III (168)	22 (13.1)
Grade at follow up
Grade I	19 (26.7)
Grade II	42 (59.15)
Grade III	10 (14.08)
Symptoms
Bleeding	68 (95.8)
Prolapse	50 (70.42)
Pruritus	16 (22.53)
Pain	15 (21.12)
Associated fissure	6 (8.4)
Line of treatment
Re-banding	23 (32.4)
Surgical treatment	48 (67.6)
Severe symptoms	30
Associated fissure	6
Patient’s desire	12

Table 5 Post-banding complications n (%)

Complication	Degree of hemorrhoids		Total	P
	2nd (n = 582)	3rd (n = 168)
Pain	22 (3.78)	9 (5.35)	31 (4.13)	0.8
Bleeding	21 (2.8)	10 (5.95)	31 (4.13)	0.35
Vaso-vagal symptoms	8 (1.37)	2 (1.19)	10 (1.33)	0.23
Infection	1 (0.17)	-	1 (0.13)	-
Fistula	1 (0.17)	-	1 (0.13)	-
Fissure	2 (0.34)	1 (0.59)	3 (0.4)	0.79
Total	55 (9.45)	22 (13.09)	77 (10.26)	0.09

Table 6 Quality of life using mean SF-36 scores pre-banding and at 1 mo and 2 yr follow up

Dimension	Pre-banding	After 6 mo	P	At 2 yr follow up	P
Physical functioning (PF)	58.98 ± 2.5	63.6 ± 3.4	0.03	60.12 ± 5.2	0.08
Role limitation due to physical problem (RP)	64.8 ± 15.22	63.6 ± 11.2	0.67	63.1 ± 10.2	0.56
Body pain (BP)	60.5 ± 4.32	63.6 ± 6.5	0.04	61.4 ± 7.1	0.07
General health (GH)	74.8 ± 4.9	76.5 ± 6.7	0.54	75.8 ± 6.6	0.57
Vitality (VT)	69.3 ± 12.5	70.2 ± 11.66	0.02	69.8 ± 12.3	0.09
Social functioning (SF)	73.9 ± 6.2	75.6 ± 5.66	0.05	74.1 ± 7.5	0.07
Role limitation due to emotional problem (RE)	60.4 ± 3.2	58.5 ± 5.6	0.08	65.2 ± 4.5	0.09
Mental heath (MH)	71.9 ± 2.8	73.5 ± 2.3	0.01	73.6 ± 5.2	0.04